广西苦苣苔科植物一新种——平果报春苣苔

Primulina pingguoensis,a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi,China

该文报道了广西苦苣苔科报春苣苔属(Primulina Hance)一新种——平果报春苣苔(Primulina pingguoensis H.S.Ma&B.Pan),该新种在形态学上与囊筒报春苣苔(P.carinata Y.G.Wei,F.Wen&H.Z.Lü)相似,但两者能明显区别,平果报春苣苔花冠裂片狭披针形至线型,长宽比大于2(vs.圆形至卵圆形,长宽比小于1.5),花冠内部具8~10条紫色条纹,与花冠同色,无明显导蜜线(vs.棕色条纹,与花冠不同色,具两条黄色导蜜线),花冠筒管状,腹面隆状,(vs.狭漏斗状,明显隆起,形成一清晰的龙骨),叶片椭圆形到宽卵形,(6.5~9.5)cm×(4.5~6.5)cm[vs.宽椭圆形到卵形,(4.0~5.0)cm×(3.0~4.0)cm],叶基部稍楔形(vs.圆形)。该新种目前只在模式产地一个较大的石灰岩溶洞及周边发现有分布,目前该溶洞内开始发展畜牧养殖,对该物种的生存空间带来压力。该文对该新种的分布区(EOO)和占有面积(AOO)分别进行了评估,认为根据现已知的居群和所受威胁情况,根据IUCN红色名录标准,可暂定为“极危(CR)”级别。该种作为传统中药,被当地居民用于新生儿去胎毒等,有一定的保护和利用价值,今后可进一步开展此物种的民族植物学和药用植物学研究。该种面临生境破坏和野外采挖的风险,因此很有必要开展迁地保护和野外回归等相关工作。与该种同一乡镇分布的物种紫麟报春苣苔(P.purpureokylin F.Wen,Yi Huang&W.C.Chou),后者花冠筒漏斗状,叶片深绿至紫色,叶两面具紫红色粗伏毛而明显区别;距离该种5 km内分布有小白花报春苣苔(P.alba R.F.Li&B.Pan),后者花明显小型,花冠筒状,纯白色,与该种相区别。通过比较该种与报春苣苔属其他物种,发现也有一些物种花筒或多或少有膨大,如浅黄报春苣苔(P.lutescens B.Pan&H.S.Ma)、粉花报春苣苔[P.roseoalba(W.T.Wang)Mich.Moller&A.Weber]、中华报春苣苔[P.dryas(Dunn)Mich.Moller&A.Weber]、多莛报春苣苔[P.polycephala(Chun)Mich.Moller&A.Weber]以及崀山报春苣苔[P.langshanica(W.T.Wang)Yin Z.Wang]等,初步推断报春苣苔属植物的花筒膨大可能与特定传粉者有关,然而这一假设需进一步的野外调查和实验论证。

Primulina pingguoensis H.S.Ma&B.Pan,a new species of Primulina Hance,Gesneriaceae from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China,is illustrated and described here.The new species morphologically resembles P.carinata Y.G.Wei,F.Wen&H.Z.Lü,but it differs from the latter by lobes narrowly lanceolate-linear,length-width ratio more than 2(rounded-ovate,length-width ratio less than 1.5),8-10 purple stripes from corolla throat to the bottom of corolla tube,the same color with corolla,without honey guides(vs.brown stripes,different color with corolla,2 yellow honey guides inside),leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate,(6.5-9.5)cm×(4.5-6.5)cm[vs.broadly elliptic to ovate,(4.0-5.0)cm×(3.0-4.0)cm],leaf blade base slightly cuneate(vs.rounded),corolla tube tubular,ventrally carinate,(vs.narrowly funnelform,strongly carinate,forming a clear keel),etc.The conservation status of P.pingguoensis is considered as‘Critically Endangered’(CR)according to the IUCN red list categories and criteria.