赵孟頫“古意”论的形成及其实质考辨

The Formation and Actuality of Zhao Mengfu's Theory of Ancient Sense

赵孟頫作为元代画坛执牛耳者,其“古意”论的提出不仅促成了元代文人画特质的形成,同时亦在一定程度上影响了文人绘画史的发展与走向。通过对宋元之变的社会情境以及赵孟頫复古心理动机的考察,发现“古意”论的形成既有对南宋画风的矫正、元初世衰道微的批判,亦有对仕元矛盾内心的减缓。从风格、意蕴、法度三个层面看,“古意”论追寻高古风格,崇尚简率画意,探求中和雅正的法度。对赵孟頫《幼舆丘壑图》《红衣罗汉图》《鹊华秋色图》的绘画作品进行深入分析和探讨,可以明确看出赵孟頫取法六朝、复兴唐画、师法北宋的不同“古意”追求,而这种追求正是促使他开创一代新风并成为元代画坛领军人物的重要原因。

Zhao Mengfu was the leader of the painting circles in the Yuan Dynasty,whose"ancient sense"theory did not only promote the formation of the literati painting characteristics in the Yuan Dynasty,but also affected the development of the literati painting history to a certain extent.Through the investigation of the social situation change from Song to Yuan and the psychological motivation of Zhao Mengfu's retro,the external factors,the main causes of of the"ancient sense"theory formation are clearly defined.From the three levels of style,implication and method,the essence of the"ancient sense"theory is analyzed.Zhao Mengfu strived for the different ancient sense in the Six Dynasties,Tang Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty,which was the reason for him creating a new style and becoming the leader of the painting circles in the Yuan Dynasty.