清末粤东新式学堂创设:丘逢甲与日本东亚同文会会员

The Establishment of New-Style Schools in Eastern Guangdong in the Late Qing Dynasty:Qiu Fengjia and Members of the East Asia Common Culture Association of Japan

清末丘逢甲借力日本东亚同文会,创设岭东同文学堂。丘逢甲的初衷是岭东同文学堂设于汕头埠,由于同仁杨鲁等人皆认为应设在潮州,于是在潮州开设了东文学堂。但丘逢甲仍与林梁任“继续推动在汕头兴学的原议”创设岭东同文学堂。清末粤东新式学堂,除了潮州的东文学堂,还有汕头埠的岭东同文学堂,并没有学界所讨论的汕头东(同)文学堂。且两家学堂在1901年6月前均有实际办学,聘请了东亚同文会会员为日本教习。至于日本东亚同文会的报告,为何出现“汕头东文学堂”和“汕头同文学堂”等名称,有两种可能,一是日本东亚同文会广东支部夸大成绩,二是潮州话的“同”与“东”同音,报告撰写者的随意性使用。

In the late Qing Dynasty,Qiu Fengjia established Lingdong Common Culture School under the assistance of the East Asia Common Culture Association of Japan.Shantou was the original site Qiu chose for the school.However,as Yang Lu and other colleagues all suggested to choose the then regional center,Qiu set up Dongwen School in Chaozhou.Qiu and Lin Liangren continued their effort to push forward their original plan to set up schools in Shantou,and established Lingdong Com-mon Culture School there.In addition to Dongwen School in Chaozhou,the other new-style school in eastern Guangdong in the late Qing Dynasty was Lingdong Common Culture School in Shantou,de-spite the discussion on Shantou Dongwen(or Tongwen)School held by academicians.Both schools had operational records before June 1901,employing members of the East Asia Common Culture Asso-ciation of Japan as Japanese instructors.There are two possible reasons why the names“Shantou Don-gwen School”and“Shantou Tongwen School”appeared in the reports of the East Asia Common Cul-ture Association in Japan.One is that the Guangdong branch of the East Asia Common Culture Asso-ciation of Japan exaggerated the results,and the other is that the characters“tong”and“dong”are homophones in the Chaozhou dialect,which were used arbitrarily by the report writers.