蚯蚓肠道微生物与污染物的互作效应及机制

Interaction effect and mechanism between microorganisms in earthworm intestine and pollutants in soil

蚯蚓具有固氮溶磷、促植物生长、指示土壤污染、去除污染物等多种生态功能,其肠道微生物起关键作用。人类日益增强的活动使得土壤环境中存在大量外源重金属、抗生素、农药、微塑料等污染物,这些污染物经蚯蚓摄食后进入肠道与其中的微生物发生相互作用。一方面,土壤污染物通过改变土壤及蚯蚓肠道环境影响肠道菌群的组成和状态;另一方面,蚯蚓肠道微生物也能通过微生物降解、生物富集和吸附转化对土壤污染物起到去除作用。本文主要从污染物胁迫下蚯蚓肠道微生物的变化情况和蚯蚓肠道微生物对污染物的去除作用两个方面综述蚯蚓肠道微生物和土壤污染物之间的互作效应及响应机制。此外,本文还探讨了当前多组学分析技术在蚯蚓肠道微生物对环境污染物去除方面的应用情况。以期进一步阐明蚯蚓肠道微生物的生态功能,使蚯蚓在修复与清洁农业生产环境方面发挥更大的作用。

Earthworm intestinal microorganisms play key roles in achieving ecological functions of earthworms,such as nitrogen fixing and phosphorus solubilizing,plant growth promoting,soil pollution indicating,pollutants degrading.Increasing human activities have resulted in accumulation of various pollutants in soils,including exogenous heavy metals,antibiotics,pesticides,and microplastics.These pollutants enter the intestinal tract and interact with microorganisms after being ingested by earthworms.On the one hand,soil pollutants affect the composition and activity of intestinal community in earthworms by changing soil environment and earthworms’intestine.On the other hand,intestinal microorganisms in earthworms can eliminate soil pollutants through microbial degradation,biological enrichment,adsorption,and transformation.We reviewed the interaction effect and response mechanism between intestinal microorganisms in earthworms and soil pollutants from two aspects:(1)the changes of intestinal microorganisms under pollutant stress and the removal of pollutants by intestinal microorganisms.(2)the current application of multi-omics analysis techniques in removal of environmental pollutants by earthworm intestinal microbiota.It is expected to clarify the ecological function of intestinal microorganisms of earthworms and provide insights on the roles of earthworms in eliminating soil pollution for sustainable agriculture development.