儒家生活中的小事大孝——以《孟子·尽心下·曾皙嗜羊枣章》为中心

Great Filial Piety Through A Trivial Matter in Confucian Life:Focus on Chapter Jinxin II·Zengxi’s Fondness for Yangzao in Mengzi

从《孟子》单章解释史看,《尽心下·曾皙嗜羊枣章》有三个方面值得深究:一是名物考证,在“羊枣”的两种解释中,“牛奶柿”义胜“羊矢枣”;二是义理解释,“不忍”二字不是无关紧要而是至关重要,“同独”蕴含了丰富的思辨性张力;三是思想史比较,孟学史将“屈到嗜芰”当作“曾皙嗜羊枣”的同类题材,屈建也有理由获得像曾子一样的正面评价。“极痴”的《曾皙嗜羊枣章》单章研究,因其揭示曾子以小事成就大孝而“深妙”。

In the study of individual chapters from the Mencius,the chapter Jingxin II·Zengxi’s Fondness for Yangzao merits in-depth exploration in three aspects.First,in the realm of philological analysis,among the two interpretations of“yang dates”,the meaning as“milk persimmon”prevails over“sheep dung-like dates”.Second,in the exegesis of its principles,the phrase“buren”is not trivial but of paramount significance,and the duality of“tongdu”encapsulates a rich speculative tension.Third,in the context of comparative intellectual history,Mencian studies often parallel the theme of Zengxi's Fondness for Yangzao with Qudao's Fondness for Water Chestnuts,which justifies a positive appraisal of Qujian akin to that of Zengzi.The intensive study of the chapter Zengxi's Fondness for Yangzao is profoundly insightful,demonstrating Zengzi's achievement of great filial piety through a seemingly trivial matter.