孔子论“君子”的“学而成人”与“中道而行”

Confucius Thoughts on“Junzi’s”“Learning to Become a Person”and“Walking the Middle Path”

孔子创造性地阐述了“君子”论,它以“学而成人”的“德性”养成与“中道而行”的“德行”践履为两翼,蕴含着本心的知性与现世的实行的统一。“学而成人”,强调君子作为主体人格的自由自觉,敞开从“悦”到“乐”再到“不愠”的主体情感和志向的意向性生成过程。“中道而行”,将“修仁”与“习礼”统一于“中行”,是“己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人”的肯定性原则与“己所不欲,勿施于人”的否定性原则的对反并举。“中道而行”是君子能够实现“学而成人”的日常践履和方法论自觉,它包括了主体人格的自由自觉、知耻知礼、崇德有让、权责有界。

Confucius innovatively expounded the concept of“Junzi”(nobleman),which is anchored on the dual aspects of character development through“learning to become a person”and the practice of virtue through“walking the middle path.”This concept embodies the unity of inherent intellectual understanding and practical implementation in the real world.“Learning to become a person”emphasizes the freedom and self-awareness of a Junzi as a subject personality,unfolding a process of subjective emotional and aspirational intentionality from“pleasure”to“joy”and then to“non-anger.”“Walking the middle path”integrates“cultivating benevolence”and“practicing propriety”into a balanced conduct,juxtaposing the affirmative principle of“wishing to establish others in seeking to establish oneself,and wishing to be understood in seeking to understand others”with the negative principle of“not imposing on others what one does not desire.”“Walking the middle path”represents the daily practice and methodological awareness of a Junzi in achieving“learning to become a person,”encompassing the freedom and self-awareness of the subject personality,understanding shame and propriety,venerating virtue and yielding,and having clear rights and responsibilities.