性侵儿童犯罪案件被害人询问方法研究

Research on the Methods of Interviewing the Victims in the Case of Sexual Assault on Children

性侵儿童犯罪案件的固有属性,使得儿童被害人陈述在侦破案件、事实认定中占据了极为重要的地位。从询问方法视角审视当前我国儿童询问现状发现,由于我国目前缺乏完善、成熟的结构化询问方法,实践中询问方法使用的任意性较强,存在前置交流阶段缺失、打断行为频繁、提问方式及用语使用不当等严重影响询问质量的问题。域外发达国家在这一领域有深入、系统的研究且已形成了成熟的结构化询问方案,能够为我国询问儿童方法的改进提供有益借鉴。由此,为提高询问儿童的规范性和询问质量,在分析我国儿童询问实践现状的基础上,对比两种询问方案的异同和优缺点,吸收、借鉴两种方案的优势,并对各阶段的结构和用语规范进行修正、改良,初步构建了适合我国司法需求的询问儿童结构化询问方法,包括询问的计划和准备阶段、初始阶段、过渡阶段、实质性询问阶段、结束阶段和评估阶段等六个阶段。

The inherent nature of the crime of sexual assault against children makes the statement of child victims important for the investigation of cases and the determination of facts.A review of current situations of interviewing child victims in China shows that the quality of interviewing is affected by many factors,such as lack of perfect and mature structured interview,the arbitrary use of interview techniques,lack of pre-communication stage,frequent interruptions and improper interviewing methods.Developed countries have indepth and systematic research in this field and have formed a mature structured interview scheme,which can provide useful reference for the Chinese interview practice.Therefore,in order to improve the standardization and quality of interviewing children,this paper,based on a comparative analysis,proposes an improved interview structure and language norms of each stage,and preliminarily constructs a structured interviewing model suitable for Chinese judicial needs,including the stage of planning and preparation,initial stage,transition stage,substantive interviewing stage,end stage and evaluation stage.