肿瘤相关巨噬细胞功能极化与靶向策略研究进展

Research progress in functional polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and targeting strategies

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)是肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)中占比较高的免疫细胞。TAMs已被证明在TME的发展中起重要的免疫抑制作用,并促进肿瘤免疫逃逸、生长和转移。通过训练免疫(代谢重编程、表观遗传重塑)调控TAMs的功能极化,影响肿瘤的发生发展是当前的研究热点。因此,深入开展这一领域的研究不仅为免疫介导疾病的发病机制呈现更全面的视角,还可以为临床抗肿瘤免疫治疗提供新的策略。本综述概述了TAMs的起源,以及TAMs极化的表型和机制,就代谢重编程和表观遗传重塑对TAMs的调节机制进行了讨论,总结了两者对TAMs活化、极化的调控,以及TAMs在现阶段临床中的研究进展,以期为开发新的免疫预防和治疗策略提供参考。

Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are the predominant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME).They have been shown to play an important immunosuppressive role in the development of TME and promote tumor immune escape,growth and metastasis.It is a current research hotspot to regulate the functional polarization of TAMs through trained immunity(metabolic reprogramming,epigenetic remodeling)to affect the occurrence and development of tumors.Therefore,in-depth research in this field not only presents a more comprehensive perspective on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases,but also can provide new strategies for clinical anti-tumor immunotherapy.This paper outlines the origin of TAMs and the phenotypes and mechanisms of TAMs polarization,discusses the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic remodeling regulate TAMs,summarizes the regulation of TAMs activation and polarization by them,and provides an overview of the progress in TAMs at the current stage of clinical practice,hoping to provide reference for the development of new immunoprevention and treatment strategies.