金属-有机骨架在肿瘤化学动力学治疗中的应用

Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for chemodynamic therapy of cancer

目前,肿瘤常用的治疗方法有化疗(CT)、放疗(RT)、手术切除等,但治疗效果相对有限且伴有严重的副作用,迫切需要开发新型的治疗方式。化学动力学疗法(CDT)是一种基于芬顿(类芬顿)反应的新型治疗方法,与其他治疗方式相比,CDT不需要借助光源或外界能量来引发,具有全身副作用更小等优势。CDT利用Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)或其他金属离子(Mn^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Co^(2+))与肿瘤微环境(TME)中过量的过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))反应,形成高细胞毒性的羟基自由基(·OH)来杀死癌细胞。因此,CDT这一通过原位产生·OH的非侵入性肿瘤疗法已被广泛用于肿瘤治疗。金属有机骨架(MOFs)是一类由金属离子和有机配体配位自组装而成的多空晶体结构,因其高孔隙率、大比表面积、多金属催化位点和优异的生物相容性等特点在CDT治疗研究领域备受关注。本文介绍了不同MOFs在肿瘤CDT治疗中的作用及提高CDT治疗效果常用的物理和化学手段。此外,根据目前的研究进展,提出了CDT未来的发展和挑战,希望能够为CDT的研究提供新思路。

Currently,conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy(CT),radiotherapy(RT),and surgical remov⁃al exhibit limited efficacy and significant side effects,highlighting the critical need for innovative therapeutic strategies.Chemodynamic therapy(CDT),based on Fenton and Fenton-like reactions,novel approach that does not require external light or energy,thereby minimizing systemic side effects.CDT leverages the interaction between metal ions(Fe^(2+),Cu^(2+),Mn^(2+),Zn^(2+),Co^(2+))and excess hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the tumor microenvironment(TME)to generate highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals(·OH)for eliminating cancer cells.As a non-invasive therapy,CDT has gained widespread application in cancer treatment.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with their highly porous crystalline structures from the self-as⁃sembly of metal ions and organic ligands,have attracted significant interest in CDT research for their porosity,large sur⁃face area,catalytic sites,and biocompatibility.This review explores the contributions of various MOFs to tumor CDT ther⁃apy and examines methods to enhance CDT's effectiveness.Furthermore,the future development and challenges of CDT are also proposed based on recent progress.We hopes that this review will provide new insights and directions for future CDT research.