岩藻多糖降解酶的研究进展

Research Progress on Fucoidan-Degrading Enzymes

岩藻多糖降解酶是一类能够将大分子岩藻多糖水解为具有一定生物活性的低分子质量岩藻聚糖或其他产物的糖苷水解酶。岩藻多糖降解酶在活性岩藻低聚糖制备、生物制药和疾病诊断等领域具有重要的应用价值。本文从岩藻多糖降解酶的来源、性质、作用方式、结构和应用等方面进行综述,发现岩藻多糖降解酶主要来源于海洋微生物及海洋无脊椎动物,且不同物种来源的岩藻多糖降解酶在酶学性质、底物特异性、分子结构与催化机制等方面均存在较大差异。不同类型的岩藻多糖降解酶负责催化复杂岩藻多糖的不同位点,生成具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血栓等多种特殊活性的岩藻低聚糖产物,因此,利用岩藻多糖降解酶进行功能性药品和食品的制备逐渐成为多糖资源应用领域的研究热点。本文可为后续岩藻多糖降解酶的研究提供理论支持,同时也可为有效开发特殊生物学功效的岩藻低聚糖提供参考。

Fucoidan-degrading enzymes are glycoside hydrolases that hydrolyze fucoidan into low molecular mass fucosan with biological activity or other products.The enzymes have great application value in the preparation of active fucoidan oligosaccharides,biopharmaceutics and disease diagnosis.In this article,the sources,properties,modes of action,structures and applications of fucoidan-degrading enzymes are reviewed,revealing that fucoidan-degrading enzymes are mainly derived from marine microorganisms and marine invertebrates and that the enzymatic properties,substrate specificity,molecular structures and catalytic mechanisms of fucoidan-degrading enzymes vary significantly depending on the species source.Different types of fucoidan-degrading enzymes catalyze different sites of complex fucoidans producing fucoidan oligosaccharides with antioxidant,anti-tumor,anti-thrombotic or other special activities.Therefore,the utilization of fucoidan-degrading enzymes in the preparation of drugs and functional foods has gradually become a research focus in the application field of polysaccharides.This article provides theoretical support for further research on fucoidan-degrading enzymes,and also provides references for the effective development of fucoidan oligosaccharides with special biological functions.