畜牧业抗生素抗性基因的分布与传播研究进展

Advances in the Distribution and Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Animal Husbandry

随着居民生活水平提高,人们对肉、蛋、奶的需求量增加,促使畜牧业迅速发展。由于抗生素在提高动物机能、预防疾病方面具有重要作用而被大量生产使用,在全球抗生素滥用的大背景下,畜禽已成为抗生素及抗性基因的一个重要储存库,亟需全面了解畜牧业中抗生素及抗性基因的分布与传播,以便于为抗生素在畜牧业中的科学使用和合理控制提供参考依据。文章综述了畜牧业抗生素的使用现状,总结了抗生素抗性基因污染对畜禽、人类健康和野生动物的影响,并强调未来应关注畜禽粪便的二次污染在周围环境以及畜牧业抗生素抗性基因在野生动物栖息地的扩散机制研究,以期为今后畜牧业的健康发展、抗生素的科学控制以及抗生素抗性基因的相关研究提供参考。

With the improvement of human living standards,the demand for meat,eggs and milk has increased significantly,leading to the rapid development of animal husbandry.Antibiotics have been produced largely because they can improve animal functions and prevent diseases.In the context of global antibiotics abuse,livestock and poultry have become important reservoirs for antibiotics and resistance genes.It is urgent to fully understand the distribution and dissemination of antibiotics and resistance genes transmission in the development of animal husbandry in order to provide a reference for the scientific use and rational control of antibiotics in animal husbandry.The article reviews the current status of antibiotic use in animal husbandry.It summarizes the effects of antibiotic resistance gene contamination on livestock,human health,and wildlife.In addition,it emphasizes that future research should focus on the secondary contamination of livestock manure in the surrounding environment and the diffusion mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes in wildlife habitats in animal husbandry.The aim is to provide a reference for the future healthy development of animal husbandry,scientific control of antibiotics,and related research on antibiotic resistance genes.