“双碳”目标下河北省农村取暖的低碳转型实施路径研究

RESEARCH ON IMPLEMENTATION PATH OF LOW-CARBON TRANSFORMATION FOR RURAL HEATING IN HEBEI PROVINCE UNDER THE GOAL OF EMISSION PEAK AND CARBON NEUTRALITY

在“双碳”目标下,农村取暖面临低碳转型。在对河北省农村取暖现状分析的基础上,对“双碳”目标下农村低碳取暖的需求进行了总结。以河北省张家口地区、唐山地区、石家庄地区的农村住宅为例,对在取暖季分别采用传统散煤取暖、天然气取暖、生物质成型燃料取暖、电直热取暖、空气源热泵取暖、“光伏+空气源热泵”取暖6种取暖方式时的需热量、用能量、污染物排放量、取暖费用、初始投资进行了对比分析,并探究了适合河北省农村取暖的低碳转型实施路径。研究结果表明:1)不同取暖方式中,“光伏+空气源热泵”取暖在清洁、低碳、可持续方面的综合表现最优,但其初始投资较高,可采用“政府补贴+银行贷款”的形式进行推广。2)在目前河北省农村地区清洁取暖改造已基本完成的情况下,其取暖的低碳转型实施路径具体为:在气代煤、电代煤未覆盖区域,对剩余使用寿命大于等于20年的房屋建筑,优先推广采用“光伏+空气源热泵”取暖;对老旧房屋建筑,推广采用空气源热泵取暖或生物质成型燃料取暖。在电代煤区域,可发展屋顶分布式光伏发电,以解决电代煤取暖方式取暖费用高、碳排放量高等问题。在气代煤区域,仍保留原燃气输配管道向用户输送燃气用于做饭,然后结合当地经济和社会特征、资源禀赋,推广应用绿色低碳技术和节能设备。在目前现状下,可先推广屋顶分布式光伏发电的应用,再逐步推广采用空气源热泵取暖;然后由天然气取暖和“光伏+空气源热泵”取暖协同应用逐步向单一采用“光伏+空气源热泵”取暖方式发展。

Under the goal of emission peak and carbon neutrality,rural heating is facing a low-carbon transformation.On the basis of analyzing the current situation of rural heating in Hebei Province,this paper summarizes the demand for low-carbon heating in rural areas under the goal of emission peak and carbon neutrality.Taking rural residential in Zhangjiakou,Tangshan,and Shijiazhuang areas of Hebei Province as examples,compares and analyzes the heat demand,energy consumption,pollutant emissions,heating costs,and initial investment of six heating methods during the heating season,including traditional coal heating,natural gas heating,biomass formed fuel heating,electric direct heating,air-source heat pump heating,and"PV+air-source heat pump"heating.It also explores the low-carbon transformation implementation path suitable for rural heating in Hebei Province.The research results show that:1)Among different heating methods,"PV+air-source heat pump"heating has the best comprehensive performance in terms of cleanliness,low-carbon,and sustainability,but its initial investment is relatively high.It can be promoted in the form of"government subsidies+bank loans".2)With the basic completion of clean heating renovation in rural areas of Hebei Province,the specific implementation path for low-carbon transformation of heating is as follows:in the area where gas replacing coal and electricity replacing coal are not covered,priority should be given to promoting the use of"PV+air-source heat pump"heating for buildings with a remaining service life of 20 years or more.For old buildings,promote the use of air-source heat pump heating or biomass formed fuel heating.In the area where electricity replacing coal,roof distributed PV power generation can be developed to solve the problems of high heating costs and high carbon footprint of the heating method of electricity replacing coal.In the area where gas replacing coal,the original gas transmission and distribution pipeline will still be retained to deliver gas to users for cooking,and then combined with local economic and social characteristics,and resource endowments,green and low-carbon technologies and energy-saving equipment will be promoted and applied.At present,the application of roof distributed PV power generation can be promoted first,and then the use of air-source heat pumps for heating can be gradually promoted.Then,the collaborative application of natural gas heating and"PV+air-source heat pump"heating gradually moves towards a single heating method using"PV+air-source heat pump".