考虑调节费用补偿的海水抽蓄优化定容策略

Optimized capacity strategy for seawater pumped storage power stations considering regulation cost compensation

通过海上风电与海水抽蓄联合运行参与电网的调峰调度,可有效促进海上风电消纳,助力电网调峰,但需要进行海水抽蓄多目标优化定容研究,解决海水抽蓄成本回收问题以及多目标之间的主观偏好与客观冲突对优化决策的影响等关键问题。为此,本文提出了考虑调节费用补偿的海水抽蓄多目标优化定容方法,通过海水抽蓄调节费用双向补偿机制,保障抽蓄调节利益;考虑风电不确定性,计及风蓄联合出力跟踪电网负荷误差最小、海上风电运营效益最大和海水抽蓄收益最大,建立风蓄联合运行多目标优化模型,实现多主体利益共赢。以双向补偿电价、海水抽蓄上水库容量、海水抽蓄机组容量为优化决策变量,通过NSGA-Ⅱ方法优化得到Pareto前沿解集;通过K-means算法对Pareto前沿解集进行聚类作为备选方案;采用层次分析法-熵权法进行主、客观赋权;通过TOPSIS方法将备选方案与理想方案比较排序选出最优解。仿真算例结果验证了本文海水抽蓄优化定容方案能够兼顾新能源消纳效果与多主体利益共赢。

Effective integration of offshore wind energy is achievable by jointly operating offshore wind power and seawater pumping for grid regulation,contributing to grid stability.However,to address critical issues such as cost recovery for seawater pumping,a multi⁃objective optimization study on seawater pumping capacity is necessary.To this end,we propose a seawater pumping multi⁃objective optimization method that considers compensation for regu⁃lation costs.This approach utilizes a bidirectional compensation mechanism for seawater pumping regulation,ensu⁃ring equitable benefits.Accounting for wind power uncertainty,we establish a multi⁃objective optimization model for the joint operation of wind and storage.The model integrates interests from different stakeholders by minimizing tracking errors between the joint output of wind and storage and the grid load,maximizing operational benefits from offshore wind energy,and optimizing seawater pumping revenue.The optimization decision variables include bidi⁃rectional compensation prices,seawater pumping upper reservoir capacity,and seawater pumping unit capacity.We employ the NSGA⁃II method to obtain the Pareto front solutions,use the K⁃means algorithm to cluster the Pare⁃to front solutions as alternative scenarios,and apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process⁃Entropy Weight Method for subjective and objective weighting.Finally,the TOPSIS method is used to compare and rank alternative scenarios against the ideal solution.Simulation results validate that the proposed seawater pumping optimization capacity scheme balances the effectiveness of new energy integration with the interests of multiple stakeholders.