“首违免罚”制度在水土保持领域的实践和思考

Practice and Reflection on the System of Impunity for First Violation in the Field of Soil and Water Conservation

“首违免罚”制度作为长期以来执法实践的内生产物,历经各行政领域长期的基层执法实践探索后,被2021年最新修订的《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》第三十三条明确了其适用的合法性依据。就其制度价值来讲,“首违免罚”制度的法律化能够在降低行政执法成本、满足优化营商环境的需求和树立“以人为本”的法治政府形象等三重维度上产生积极深远的影响。结合实际案例,阐述了“首违免罚”法条的规范含义及认定条件。然而,“首违免罚”制度的实施考量性因素较多,结合水土保持行政领域的特有属性,有必要进一步完善“首违免罚”制度实施细则及其法律规范、强化行政执法人员培训、健全“首违免罚”执法监督机制等,以规范行政处罚行为,推动法治政府建设。

The system of impunity for first violation,as an endogenous product of long-term law enforcement practice,have been clarified the legitimacy basis in Articlel 33 of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative Penalties(2021 Revision)after long-term law enforcement at the basic level practices and exploration in various administrative fields.In terms of its institutional value,the legalization of impunity for first violation system can have a positive impact on three dimensions:reducing administrative law enforcement costs,meeting the needs of optimizing the business environment,and establishing the people-oriented image for law-based government.Based on practical cases,the article expounded meaning and recognition conditions of the impunity for first violation clause.However,there are many considerations for the implementation of impunity for first violation system.Considering the unique attributes of the administrative field of soil and water conservation,it is necessary to further improve the implementation rules and legal norms of impunity for first violation system,strengthen the training of administrative law enforcement officials,and improve the law-enforcement and supervision mechanism to regulate administrative penalty behavior and promote the construction of law-based government.