殷墟甲骨文所见《孙子》军事思想渊源发微

Insights into the Military Thought of The Art of War through Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins

《孙子》是中国古代重要的军事思想著作。殷商时代的军事斗争经验,是《孙子》军事思想理论体系形成的源流之一。殷墟甲骨文是殷商史研究中的一手材料,其中的战争类卜辞,向我们展现了殷王朝在军事活动中,重视将帅任命、善于侦察敌情、积极使用伏击战术等内容。此外,殷代也已开始出现并积累“联合作战”的军事作战经验。《孙子》对这些以往的军事经验进行总结与概括,提出了较为系统的“选将”“相敌”“伏击”“联合”思想。

The Art of War is an essential ancient Chinese military treatise.The experiences of military conflicts during the Yin and Shang dynasties constitute one of the sources for the formation of the military theoretical system of The Art of War.Oracle bone inscriptions from the Yin Ruins provide firsthand materials for studying the history of the Shang dynasty.Among these inscriptions,war-related divinations reveal the Shang dynasty's emphasis on appointing competent generals,adept intelligence gathering,and active use of ambush tactics.Moreover,during the Yin dynasty,experiences and accumulations of“joint warfare”in military operations were also apparent.The Art of War summarized and generalized these past military experiences into systematic thoughts on“selecting generals”,“confronting the enemies”,“ambushing”,and“collaboration”.