论司马迁的将帅思想

A Review of Sima Qian's Thought on Generals and Commanders

司马迁不仅是一位史学家、文学家、思想家。他通览古今,熟悉在他之前以及汉武帝时期发生的战争,认为战争能否取胜的关键在于将帅,“择任将相”是君主成就事业的重要保证。对于将帅的素质,他提出了信、廉、仁、勇、智、严等要求,并且认为,将帅要时刻心系国家和百姓,而不是一味地唯君主之命是从。司马迁的将帅思想极大丰富了中国传统兵学将帅理论的内容。

Sima Qian was not only a historian,ltterateur,and philosopher but also a military strategist wellversed in military texts and the strategies of warfare.He was knowledgeable about past and contemporary wars before and during the reign period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.He believed that the key to victory in war lay in the commanders'abilities;"selecting and appointing generals and ministers"was a crucial guarantee for a ruler"s success.Regarding the qualities of generals and commanders,he proposed requirements such as trustworthiness,integrity,benevolence,courage,wisdom,and strictness.He also emphasized that generals should always consider the country and its people rather than blindly following the ruler's orders.Sima Qian's thought greatly enriched the content of traditional Chinese military theories on generals and commanders.