在理想与现实之间:网络文学作者身份认同的阶段演变、生成机制与实践策略

Between Ideal and Reality:Stage Evolution,Generation Mechanisms and Practical Strategies of the Identity Recognition of Online Literature Authors

探究网络文学作者在平台制定的游戏规则下形成的自我定位和身份认同,为优化平台—读者—作者多元行动主体所构成的网络文学创作环境提供来自作者群体的视角。文章以网络文学作者群体为研究对象,采用深度访谈法和参与式观察法,回顾总结网络文学作者身份认同的演变轨迹,分析其身份认同的具体生成机制,并对其实践选择进行讨论。发现网络文学作者身份认同在网络文学产业的草根化时期、市场化时期和平台化时期等不同发展阶段具有不同的内涵,当前网络文学作者的身份认同主要经过平台机制的嵌入、数字劳动不稳定性的内化以及自我的合理化三个层面形成,由此形成的网络文学作者身份认同的实践策略也具有多元化的选择,主要包括加入游戏、自我调适、个体抗争与集体反抗三种形式。

This article explores the self-positioning and identity recognition of online literature authors formed under the game rules set by platforms,and provides a perspective from the author group to optimize the creation environment of online literature composed of multiple actors including the platforms,readers,and authors.Taking the group of online literature authors as the research object,this article adopts the methods of in-depth interviews and participant observation to review and summarize the evolution trajectory of the identity recognition of online literature authors,analyzes the specific generation mechanisms of their identity recognition,and discusses their practical choices.It is found that the identity recognition of online literature authors has different connotations in different development stages of the online literature industry,such as the grassroots period,the marketization period,and the platformization period.Currently,the identity recognition of online literature authors mainly forms through three levels:the embedding of the platform mechanisms,the internalizing of the instability of digital labor,and the rationalizing of oneself.The practical strategies of the formed identity recognition of online literature authors also have diverse choices,mainly including joining the game,self-adjusting,individual struggling and collective resisting.