2019-2021年山西省长治市居民期望寿命及去死因期望寿命分析

Analysis on life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy of residents in Changzhi,Shanxi,2019−2021

目的 分析2019-2021年山西省长治市居民死亡情况及期望寿命变化趋势,为制定相关防治策略提供参考依据。方法 收集整理2019-2021年长治市死因监测数据,结合漏报情况对死亡数据进行漏报调整。应用期望寿命表和期望寿命分解法对2019-2021年长治市居民死因监测数据进行分析,计算不同年龄、不同疾病死亡率对期望寿命的贡献值。结果 2019-2021年长治市居民期望寿命分别为75.11、76.22和76.25岁,男性期望寿命分别为73.22、74.34和74.12岁,女性期望寿命分别为77.30、78.34和78.74岁。相对于2019年,2021年居民期望寿命增加了1.14岁,男性期望寿命增加了0.90岁,女性期望寿命增加了1.44岁。心脑血管疾病和肿瘤导致的寿命损失最多,其次是损伤和中毒、呼吸系统疾病。85岁及以上年龄组对居民期望寿命增加“正向贡献”最大,期望寿命增量为0.39岁,贡献率为34.20%。45~岁组对期望寿命增加“负向贡献”最大,期望寿命增量为-0.07岁,贡献率为-5.95%。结论 心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、损伤和中毒以及呼吸系统疾病是导致长治市居民人均期望寿命损失的主要原因,45~岁组是影响长治市居民期望寿命的主要年龄组,在中老年人群中开展健康干预是今后该地区提高居民健康水平、降低疾病负担的重点措施。

Objective To analyze the mortality and life expectancy trends of residents in Changzhi,Shanxi province,from 2019 to 2021,provide reference for the formulation of relevant prevention and control strategies.Methods Death cause surveillance data from 2019 to 2021 in Changzhi were collected and adjusted for underreporting.Life expectancy table and life expectancy decomposition method were used to analyze the death cause surveillance data in residents in Changzhi from 2019 to 2021,and the contribution rates of different age groups and diseases to life expectancy were calculated.Results From 2019 to 2021,the life expectancy of residents in Changzhi was 75.11 years,76.22 years and 76.25 years respectively.The life expectancy of men was 73.22 years,74.34 years and 74.12 years,respectively,and the life expectancy of women was 77.30 years,78.34 years and 78.74 years,respectively.Compared with 2019,the life expectancy increased by 1.14 years overall,0.90 years in men,and 1.44 years in women in 2021.The major death causes affecting the life expectancy mostly were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors,followed by injury and poisoning,and respiratory system disease.The age group≥85 years had the biggest positive contribution to the life expectancy of local residents,with a contribution rate of 34.20%and an increase of 0.39 years of life expectancy.The age group 45-years had the biggest negative contribution to the life expectancy,with a contribution rate of–5.95%and a decrease of 0.07 years of life expectancy.Conclusion Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,tumor,injury and poisoning,and respiratory disease were the main causes for the loss of life expectancy of residents in Changzhi,and the age group of 45-years was the main age group affecting life expectancy.Health interventions in middle-aged and elderly populations are the key measure to improve the health status of local population and reduce the burden of diseases in local population.