快速充电锂离子电池电解液研究进展

Research Progress of Electrolyte for Fast Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries

提高锂离子电池快速充电能力是当前电池发展的重要方向。快速充电电池应具有优异的锂离子扩散能力,其开发需要从正极和负极角度选择合适材料,同时也要考虑电解液对快充性能的影响。基于现有文献资料,从多维度出发概括总结了开发具有快充性能电池的方法,包括改善电解液的扩散性能,降低去溶剂化势垒和改善固体电解质界面(SEI)膜性能。低熔点溶液、高溶质浓度、高离子迁移数均能改善电解液扩散性能,提高电池的快充性能。选择低溶剂化结合能电解液能够提高电池快充性能。电解液溶剂的选择、溶质浓度的改变、电解液添加剂的加入均能改善负极SEI膜的性质进而提高电池快充性能。电解液开发和创新是快充电池性能提高的关键要素。

Improving the rapid charging capability of lithium-ion batteries is an important development direction of battery.Fast charging battery should have excellent Li+diffusion ability,and its development needs to select materials in view of positive and negative electrode,and the influence of electrolyte also needs to be considered.Based on the literature,the methods for developing fast charging batteries were summarized from multiple aspects,including improving the diffusion performance of electrolyte,reducing the desolvation barrier and improving the performance of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film.Low melting point solutions,high solute concentration and high ion migration number can improve the diffusion performance of electrolyte to enhance fast charging performance of battery.Selecting electrolyte with low solvation binding energy can improve the fast charging performance of the battery.The reasonable choice of electrolyte solvent,the change of solute salt concentration and the addition of electrolyte additives can improve the properties of the negative SEI membrane to enhance the fast charging performance of the battery.The development and innovation of electrolyte are key elements to improve the performance of fast charging batteries.