天津八仙山国家级自然保护区野生勺鸡集群模式和时空活动规律

Patterns of Cluster and Spatiotemporal Activity of Wild Koklass Pheasants at Tianjin Baxianshan National Nature Reserve

2017年6月至2021年8月,基于红外相机技术在天津八仙山国家级自然保护区对野生勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)开展集群模式和时空活动规律研究,研究期间共筛选出野生勺鸡独立有效照片218张,从中辨认出野生勺鸡266只次。研究发现:野生勺鸡呈现7种集群模式,以一雄一雌模式为主(χ^(2)=29.722,df=6,P<0.001);野生勺鸡呈昼行性活动,冬季核密度曲线为单峰型,其余3个季节均为双峰型,其活动高峰时间为,春季07:00~09:00时和14:00~16:00时,夏季08:00~10:00时和12:00~14:00时,秋季07:00~09:00时和15:00~17:00时,冬季10:00~12:00时;勺鸡的日活动节律存在性别差异,其活动特点呈明显错峰现象,其中,秋季的日活动强度存在显著性别差异(日活动曲线的重叠面积比Δ=0.6655,P<0.001);勺鸡在春、夏、秋3个季节的活动均偏向集中在10~20℃温度区段和600~799 m海拔区段,而冬季的活动偏向集中在﹣9~0℃温度区段和800~999 m海拔区段,不同温度区段的活动强度(Friedman:χ^(2)=0.231,df=3,P>0.05)和不同海拔区段的活动强度(Friedman:χ^(2)=5.615,df=3,P>0.05)均无显著季节差异。本研究为今后野生勺鸡的生态监测和保护管理提供了科学参考。

[Objectives]The research on the activity characteristics of species will help to provide an effective scientific basis for species protection.The Koklass Pheasant(Pucrasia macrolopha)is a national second-class protected animal.This study investigates the cluster pattern and spatiotemporal activity patterns of wild P.macrolopha.[Methods]From June 2017 to August 2021,infrared cameras were deployed in Tianjin Baxianshan National Nature Reserve to investigate the cluster pattern and spatiotemporal activity of wild P.macrolopha.A total of 218 independent valid photos were collected.[Results]It was found that seven cluster patterns of wild P.macrolopha were monitored(Fig.2),and the main cluster pattern was one male and one female(χ^(2)=29.722,df=6,P<0.001).Wild P.macrolopha in this study exhibited diurnal activity characteristics.The nuclear density curve in winter was unimodal while that in other three seasons were bimodal(spring:07:00﹣09:00,14:00﹣16:00,summer:08:00﹣10:00,12:00﹣14:00,autumn:07:00﹣09:00,15:00﹣17:00,and winter:10:00﹣12:00)(Fig.3).Sex difference was found on the daily activity rhythm of P.macrolopha,and the activity characteristics exhibited a significant staggered peak phenomenon.There was a significant gender difference in the intensity of autumn daily activities(P<0.001)(Fig.4).Activities of P.macrolopha in winter tended to be concentrated within the temperature range of﹣9﹣0℃and the altitude range of 800﹣999 m,whereas in other three seasons tended to be concentrated within the temperature range of 10﹣20℃and the altitude range of 600﹣799 m.(Fig.5).Activity intensity among different temperature ranges(Friedman:χ^(2)=0.231,df=3,P>0.05)and activity intensity among different altitude ranges(Friedman:(χ^(2)=5.615,df=3,P>0.05)showed no significant seasonal differences.[Conclusion]This study could provide a scientific reference for ecological monitoring and protection management of wild P.macrolopha in the future.