外泌体miRNAs应用于卵巢癌诊断的研究进展

Research progress of exosomal miRNAs in diagnosis of ovarian cancer

卵巢癌是导致妇女死亡的主要恶性肿瘤之一。其早期诊断困难,无任何标准的筛查方法,且治疗效果差,容易发生耐化疗情况,患者的存活率不高。因此,明确卵巢癌发生发展机制以及探索新的早期诊断标志物对于临床诊疗以及监测预后尤为重要。血清糖类抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)、人附睾蛋白4(human epididymis protein,HE4)等肿瘤标志物的应用对于卵巢癌的诊断及判断肿瘤的治疗效果有重要意义,但这些标志物的敏感性和特异性都无法满足早期诊断的要求,因此在卵巢癌的早期筛查中仍具有一定的局限性。随着近几年对外泌体微小RNA(micro RNA,miRNA)的研究,发现miRNAs在肿瘤发展、转移和侵袭等进程中发挥了重要作用,且分布广泛,具有良好的稳定性,是卵巢癌潜在的生物标志物。文章对外泌体miRNAs在卵巢癌早期诊断中的应用进展的最新研究进行综述。

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading malignancies that cause death in women.Its early diagnosis is difficult,there is no standard screening method,and the treatment effect does not work well,chemotherapy resistance is easy to occur,and the survival rate of patients is not high.Therefore,it is of utmost significance to elucidate the etiology and progression of ovarian cancer,as well as investigate novel biomarkers for early detection,clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic evaluation.The application of tumor markers such as serum carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)and human epididymis protein 4(HE4)is of great significance for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and the diagnosis of tumor treatment effect,but the sensitivity and specificity of these markers cannot meet the requirements of early diagnosis,so they still have certain limitations in the early screening of ovarian cancer.With the research on exosomal microRNA(miRNA)in recent years,it has been found that miRNAs play an important role in the process of tumor development,metastasis and invasion,and are widely distributed and have good stability,which is a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer.The latest research progress on the application of exosomal miRNAs in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer was reviewed.