抗体偶联药物在乳腺癌治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of antibody-drug conjugate in treatment of breast cancer

抗体偶联药物(ADC)是一类治疗乳腺癌的新型靶向药物,由连接子将化疗药物同单克隆抗体(单抗)抗偶联而成,以单抗作为载体将化疗药物靶向运输至目标肿瘤细胞内发挥抗肿瘤作用。根据ADC作用于不同靶点的抗原,分为靶向人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、人滋养细胞表面抗原2(Trop-2)及其他分子等类型。目前,全球范围内已有3种ADC获批治疗乳腺癌,除用于HER2阳性乳腺癌的曲妥珠单抗-美坦新偶联物(T-DM1)、曲妥珠单抗-德鲁替康(T-DXd)外,还有可使三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)获益的戈沙妥珠单抗(SG)。ADC在HER2阳性乳腺癌治疗中疗效显著,同时在治疗晚期TNBC和部分HER2低表达的乳腺癌中也取得了重要进展,为不同乳腺癌分子分型的人群提供了更多选择。

Antibody-drug conjugate(ADC),a new type of targeted drugs for breast cancer,is formed by connecting a chemotherapeutic drug with a monoclonal antibody using a linker.The monoclonal antibody is used as a carrier to transport the chemotherapeutic drug to the specific tumor cells,thereby exerting anti-tumor effects.ADCs are classified into human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),human trophoblast surface antigen 2(Trop-2),and other molecules according to antigens that act on the different target.At present,there are three ADCs approved worldwide for the treatment of breast cancer.In addition to trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)and trastuzumab deruxtecan(T-DXd)for HER2-positive breast cancer,sacituzumab govitecan(SG)is beneficial for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).ADCs are effective in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer,and also have made important progress in the treatment of advanced TNBC and some HER2 low-expressing breast cancer.These ADCs provide more options for patients with different molecular types of breastcancer.