唐宋时期的散茶法及相关问题探讨

Discussion on the Bulk Tea and Related Issues in the Tang and Song Dynasties

中国6000多年的茶叶利用史经历了药用、食用、饮用三个历史阶段。“以茶为饮”的饮茶法主要是末茶法和散茶法。其中,末茶法盛行于唐宋时期,散茶法盛行于明清至今。其实,唐宋时期的散茶法也有较大发展,并于南宋末至元代逐步取代末茶法,将中国的茶饮文化引向散泡茶发展阶段。以往学界多聚焦明清时期成熟的散茶法,较少关注处于早期发展阶段的唐宋时期的散茶法。文章通过对唐宋时期散茶产地与名品、制作与沏茶法、贮藏方式等的梳理,以期探讨唐宋时期散茶法的文化面貌和发展特征。

The Chinese history of tea utilization,developing for over 6000 years,has gone through three historical stages,including the medicinal and edible use as well as tea drinking.There were two tea-drinking methods.One was dust tea prevalent in the Tang and Song Dynasties.The other was bulk tea popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In fact,bulk tea had an obvious development in the Tang and Song Dynasties and gradually replaced dust tea at the turn of Southern Song and Yuan Dynasties,leading Chinese tea culture to the stage of bulk tea.However more focus has been given to the development of bulk tea in the Ming and Qing Dynasties while less to the formation of it in the Tang and Song Dynasties.This paper tries to discuss the cultural feature and characteristics of bulk tea in the Tang and Song Dynasties by analyzing origins,brands,processing and brewing technique,the way of storage of bulk tea during that period.