抗战时期闽茶贷款运行机制及其实践分析

Analysis on the Operation Mechanism and Practice of Fujian Tea Loan During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

福建自古以来就是我国最重要的产茶省份之一,闽茶在近代中国的对外贸易中占据着重要地位。在20世纪30年代,曾经繁盛一时的闽茶出现了茶农转业、茶园荒芜、市场萎缩等全方面衰退的现象,更陷入了前所未有的资金困境。为复兴闽省茶业,福建省政府在抗战前夕便开始向茶农、茶商提供低息贷款,并在抗战时期逐步建立起了以联合茶号和农村合作社为主要贷放对象的发放机制。闽茶贷款在一定程度上改善了茶农、茶商的艰难处境,推动了茶业复兴,并有力地支援了抗战。但由于发放过程中存在着延误时限、挪用侵吞等问题,最终未能扭转闽茶衰退的局面。

Fujian has been one of the most important tea-producing provinces in China since ancient times,and Fujian Tea occupied an important position in modern China’s foreign trade.In the 1930s,the prosperous Fujian Tea experienced a comprehensive decline,which was reflected in tea farmers’switching to other jobs,deserted tea plantations,market shrinkage,and it also fell into unprecedented financial difficulties.In order to revitalize the tea industry in Fujian Province,the Fujian Provincial Government began to provide low-interest loans to tea farmers and merchants on the eve of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,and gradually established a distribution mechanism in which the united tea company and rural cooperatives were the main recipients of the loans.To a certain extent,the Fujian Tea Loan improved the difficult situation of tea farmers and merchants,promoted the revival of the tea industry,and strongly supported the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.However,due to various drawbacks such as delays in distribution and misappropriation in the loan issuance process,it ultimately failed to reverse the decline of Fujian Tea.