论18世纪英国道德情感主义中的同情

On Sympathy in the 18~(th)Century British Moral Sentimentalism

同情在以哈奇森、休谟和斯密为首的18世纪英国道德情感主义中占据着非常重要的位置,它是情感主义者用来调和个人的善/利益与他人的善/利益,树立以利公/利他为客观标准的道德观的核心概念和原则。然而,同情并非一开始就居于该流派的核心地位,而是经历了由一种特殊情感到同情共感的心理机制的发展历程。鉴于此,将同情置于情感主义流派的整体视域下进行综合分析和说明,不仅可以辨析不同情感主义者对同情的差异化理解,还能厘清他们在同情问题上的继承、批判和发展的逻辑关联。如此,同情在整个流派中的位置也将得到清晰呈现。

Sympathy held a very important position in the 18th century British moral sentimentalism led by Hutcheson,Hume,and Adam Smith,as it was the core concept and principle used by sentimentalists to reconcile the good/interests of individuals with those of others,and to establish a moral view based on the objective standard of public/altruism.However,sympathy did not initially occupy the core position of this school,but went through a developmental process from a special emotion to a psychological mechanism of sympathy.In view of this,placing sympathy within the overall perspective of the sentimentalism for comprehensive analysis and explanation can not only distinguish the differential understanding of sympathy among different sentimentalists,but also clarify the logical connection between their inheritance,criticism,and development in the issue of sympathy.In this way,the position of sympathy in the entire school has also been clearly presented.