海南岛地下水资源状况及其环境地质问题

Groundwater resources and environmental geologic problems on Hainan Island

【研究目的】海南既是中国最大的经济特区,又是“一带一路”倡议中的重要支点,揭示海南岛地下水资源禀赋,探究地下水资源分布特征及存在的环境地质问题,可以为海南生态保护和高质量发展提供重要支撑。【研究方法】本文以海南岛为研究区,划分评价单元,分析地下水流场特征,评价地下水资源量及水质情况,探究地下水开发利用状况,查明主要环境地质问题。【研究结果】海南岛多年平均地下水资源量约为132.05×10^(8)m^(3)/a,在行政区中,海口市的地下水资源量最大,多年均值为11.33×10^(8)m^(3)/a,昌江县的最小,多年均值为0.07×10^(8)m^(3)/a。海南岛地下水水质整体较差,水质较差区分布在滨海平原区和山前地带,超标因子主要为pH、Al、Mn。岛内存在一系列的环境地质问题,包括琼北盆地的区域性水位下降问题、三亚市海棠湾和榆林湾、东方市板桥镇等地区的海水入侵和土壤盐渍化问题、东方市、昌江县和乐东县等地区的土地沙漠化问题、矿山开采产生的地质环境问题。【结论】海南岛地下水资源量较为丰富,分布差异大,地下水水质较差,环境地质问题突出,应进一步加强水文地质与水资源调查监测工作,加快构建水资源节约集约利用新格局,推进地下水生态环境保护。

[Objective]Hainan Island serves as the largest special economic zone in China and plays a crucial role in the"One Belt and One Road"strategy.Unveiling the groundwater resource endowment of Hainan Island,exploring the distribution characteristics of groundwater resources,and addressing existing environmental geological issues can provide vital support for ecological protection and sustainable development on the island.[Methods]This study focuses on Hainan Island as its research area.It divides the evaluation units,analyzes the characteristics of groundwater flow fields,evaluates both quantity and quality of groundwater resources,explores their development and utilization prospects while identifying key environmental geological problems.[Results]The average annual groundwater resource quantity on Hainan Island is approximately 132.05×10^(8)m^(3)/a.Haikou City possesses the highest amount with an average of 11.33×10^(8)m^(3)/a among all administrative areas,whereas Changjiang County has only 0.07×10^(8)m^(3)/a annually which is significantly lower than other regions.Overall,there is poor groundwater quality across Hainan Island with superstandard factors mainly being pH,Al and Mn distributed in coastal plain area and piedmont area.A series of environmental geological problems exist including regional water level decline in Qiongbei Basin,seawater intrusion and soil salinization in Haitang Bay and Yulin Bay(Sanya City)and Banqiao Town(Dongfang City),land desertification in Dongfang City,Changjiang County and Ledong County,geological environmental problems caused by mining.[Conclusions]Despite rich groundwater resources with large distribution differences on Hainan Island,poor water quality remains a prominent issue along with various environmental geological challenges that need to be addressed for sustainable development purposes.It is imperative to further enhance the investigation and monitoring of hydrogeology and water resources,accelerate the establishment of a new paradigm for conserving and intensively utilizing water resources,as well as promote safeguarding the ecological environment of groundwater.