基于不同材料体系的吸波超材料研究进展

Research Progress of Absorbing Metamaterials Based on Different Material Systems

吸波材料在国防和民生领域发挥着至关重要的作用,但是传统吸波材料因质量大、频带窄已难以满足日益复杂的电磁环境。融合了结构设计思路的吸波超材料以“薄、轻、宽、强”和动态可调、极化角度不敏感等突出优势,助推了电磁吸波领域的飞速发展。本文首先阐明了超材料吸波的原理和方法,明确几何结构设计对电磁吸波性能的重要影响。其次,详细讨论了碳基、水基、金属基和无机化合物基等材料体系下吸波超材料的发展现状,指明目前发展趋势以主动调谐、轻质宽频、多波段兼容为主线。最后总结了目前的发展瓶颈并展望了未来重点研究方向,为吸波超材料优化设计提供了思路。

Wave-absorbing materials play a vital role in national defense and people’s livelihood,but traditional wave-absorbing materials are difficult to meet the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment due to their large mass and narrow frequency band.The integration of structural design ideas of wave-absorbing metamaterials with“thin,light,wide and strong”,dynamic tunable and insensitive polarization angles has contributed to the rapid development of electromagnetic wave absorption.In this paper,we firstly clarify the principles and methods of metamaterial wave absorption and the important influence of geometric design on electromagnetic wav e absorption performance.Secondly,the development status of wave-absorbing metamaterials in carbon,water,metal and inorganic compound-based material systems is discussed in detail,and the current development trend of active tuning,lightweight,broadband,and multi-band compatibility is indicated as the main line.Finally,the current development bottlenecks and future research directions are summarized,providing ideas for the optimal design of wave-absorbing metamaterials.