从应对东北鼠疫看晚清卫生防疫机制

Research on the Epidemic Prevention Mechanism in the Late Qing Dynasty from the Northeast Plague

1910年至1911年发生在东北地区的鼠疫,是清王朝在最后十年中遭遇的一次严重的突发公共卫生事件,对东北地区乃至全国都造成了重大的人员财产损失。在这次疫情中,清政府先后通过封锁水陆交通等方式将疫情阻隔在山海关外,其后派遣以伍连德为代表的专业医师前往东北指导抗疫工作,并采取封城隔离、建立专业救治医院、颁布防疫法规、宣传卫生知识、消毒清洁、除鼠等防疫措施,在四个月的时间内控制住疫情。通过研究清政府为应对东北鼠疫所采取的诸多措施,可以对晚清的卫生防疫机制有一个较为清晰的认识。

The plague in Northeast China from 1910 to 1911 was a serious pandemic in the last decade of Qing Dynasty which caused great loss.The Qing government controlled its further spread firstly by limiting transportation,and then sent doctors lead by WuLien-Teh to fight against the plague.Just in four months with a series of effective measures,the pandemic was successfully under control.By researching this event,we can find more about the health and epidemic prevention mechanism in the late Qing Dynasty.