数字贸易发展如何影响全球价值链地位提升?:来自中国城市层面的经验证据

How does the Development of Digital Trade Affect the Elevation of Global Value Chain Status?:Empirical Evidence from Chinese Cities

数字贸易发展为全球价值链地位提升带来重要机遇和动力。文章测度了2013~2017年中国257个地级市数字贸易发展水平,以出口技术复杂度衡量全球价值链地位,研究了数字贸易对于全球价值链地位提升的影响及作用机制。结果表明,城市数字贸易发展显著促进了全球价值链地位提升,门槛效应检验显示,该影响呈现边际递减的非线性特征。经过跨境电商试点政策多期DID检验及Bartik工具变量等检验,研究结果依然稳健。机制研究表明,城市数字贸易发展促进全球价值链地位提升的两条路径分别是技术创新和成本节约;相对于成本节约效应,技术创新效应需要得到更充分的发挥。异质性检验表明,城市地理区位、所属城市群、城市层级的差异都会影响研究结果;对中国西部地区、稳定型城市群及四五线城市而言,数字贸易发展对于全球价值链地位提升的影响明显,说明数字贸易发展具有重要的普惠效应。

The development of digital trade has brought important opportunities and impetus to the upgrading of global value chains.This paper measures the development level of digital trade in 257 prefecture-level cities in China from 2013 to 2017,measures the position of global value chain by the export technical complexity,and studies the impact and mechanism of digital trade on the promotion of global value chain status.The results show that the development of urban digital trade significantly promotes the status of global value chain,and the threshold effect test shows that the impact presents a nonlinear feature of marginal decline.After the multi-period DID test of the cross-border e-commerce pilot policy and the Bartik instrumental variables,the research results are still robust.The mechanism study shows that the development of urban digital trade can promote the status of global value chain through two paths:technological innovation and cost saving;Compared with the cost saving effect,the effect of technological innovation needs to be more fully played.Heterogeneity test shows that the differences of geographical location,urban agglomerations and city levels will affect the results of the study.For China's western regions,stable urban agglomerations and fourth-and fifth-tier cities,the development of digital trade has a significant impact on the promotion of global value chain status,indicating that the development of digital trade has an important inclusive effect.