近距爆炸装药形状对板架结构的损伤规律研究

Study on the damage law of the shape of the near-range explosive charge on the plate frame structure

为了研究近距爆炸时柱形装药长径比对板架结构变形损伤的影响规律,以某典型缩比板架结构作为研究对象,采用经实验验证的有限元模型,分析了5种不同长径比装药爆炸对板架变形损伤的影响,并对比分析了药柱与板架夹角为0°和90°两种情形的区别。研究结果表明:随着装药长径比的增大,夹角为90°情况下冲击波反射超压和冲量逐渐减小,夹角0°情况下冲击波反射超压和冲量逐渐增大,高压区逐渐从装药轴线方向到径向方向移动;板架的残余位移与装药质量近似满足线性关系,装药长径比增大时,夹角为90°时靶板的残余位移逐渐减小,夹角为0°时位移逐渐增大;基于板架中心点最大残余位移D,拟合得到了药柱轴线与靶板表面夹角为90°和0°时的轴向等效形状因子β_(1)和径向等效因子β_(2),当比例距离在0.4~0.7 m/kg^(1/3)范围内时,预测误差小于15%,能较好的预估不同装药长径比下板架的中心点残余位移,获取结构的损伤水平。

In order to study the influence of the length-diameter ratio of cylindrical charge on the deformation damage of the plate frame structure during close explosion,a typical reduced plate frame structure was taken as the research object,and the effects of five different length-diameter ratio charge explosions on the plate frame deformation damage were analyzed by using the experimentally verified finite element model,and the difference between the two cases where the angle between the charge column and the plate frame was 0°and 90°was compared and analyzed.The results show that with the increase of the aspect ratio of the charge,the overpressure and impulse of the shock wave reflection gradually decrease when the angle is 90°,and the overpressure and impulse of the shock wave reflect gradually increase when the angle is 0°,and the high-pressure area gradually moves from the axis of the charge to the radial direction.When the aspect ratio of charge increases,the residual displacement of the target plate gradually decreases when the angle is 90°,and the displacement gradually increases when the angle is 0°.Based on the maximum residual displacement D of the center point of the plate frame,the axial equivalent shape factorβ_(1)and the radial equivalent factorβ_(2)when the angle between the axis of the column and the surface of the target plate is 90°and 0°,and the prediction error is less than 15%when the proportional distance is in the range of 0.4~0.7 m/kg^(1/3),which can better predict the residual displacement of the center point of the plate frame under different charge length-diameter ratios and obtain the damage level of the structure.