油茶壳堆肥用量对土壤肥力及苦麦菜生长与品质的影响

Effects of Dosage of Camellia oleifera Shell Compost on Soil Fertility,Growth and Quality of Bitter Chinese Lettuces

【目的】探明腐熟油菜壳有机肥不同施用量对土壤理化性质及苦麦菜生长与品质的影响,为油茶壳资源化利用及有机肥的合理施用提供依据。【方法】以苦麦菜为试验材料,设置不同油茶壳有机肥用量水平,采用田间小区试验(CK1:不施底肥;T1:常规施肥,复合肥450 kg/hm^(2);T2:油茶壳有机肥7500 kg/hm^(2);T3:油茶壳有机肥15000 kg/hm^(2);T4:油茶壳有机肥22500 kg/hm^(2);T5:复合肥360 kg/hm^(2)+油茶壳有机肥15000 kg/hm^(2))和盆栽试验(CK2:不施肥;P1:常规施肥,复合肥225 kg/hm^(2);P2:油茶壳有机肥3750 kg/hm^(2);P3:油茶壳有机肥7500 kg/hm^(2);P4:油茶壳有机肥11250 kg/hm^(2);P5:复合肥180 kg/hm^(2)+油茶壳有机肥7500 kg/hm^(2)),共12个处理,研究腐熟油茶壳有机肥不同施用量对土壤理化性质及苦麦菜生长与品质的影响。【结果】田间和盆栽试验下,施用油茶壳有机肥总体上能提升土壤养分。各处理土壤pH为5.92~6.89,施用油茶壳有机肥和复合肥减量配施处理的土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量较未施肥处理总体增加,水解性氮含量与常规施肥处理间无显著差异,其中,田间试验有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为33.13~43.94 g/kg、43.39~162.61 mg/kg和247.00~667.69 mg/kg,盆栽试验分别为12.44~38.32 g/kg、1.17~344.79 mg/kg和41.79~1889.03 mg/kg。田间试验施用油茶壳有机肥22500 kg/hm^(2)和盆栽试验施用油茶壳有机肥7500 kg/hm^(2)时,苦麦菜株高和地上部鲜重分别为43.42 cm、116.25 g和40.25 cm、73.76 g,显著高于未施肥和常规施肥处理。田间试验苦麦菜可溶性糖、维生素C、叶绿素和蛋白质含量分别为0.34~0.67 g/100g、13.52~19.23 mg/100g、1.06~1.52 mg/g和0.91~1.29 g/100g,盆栽试验分别为0.65~1.64 g/100g、13.75~29.44 mg/100g、0.99~1.36 mg/g和1.25~2.51 g/100g。施用适量油茶壳有机肥或复合肥减量配施的苦麦菜可溶性糖、维生素C和叶片叶绿素含量高于常规施肥处理,未施肥处理苦麦菜的蛋白质含量显著高于其余处理。【结论】综合苦麦菜的生长和品质性状,油茶壳有机肥以田间施肥量22500 kg/hm^(2)和盆施肥量7500 kg/hm^(2)为宜。

【Objective】The effects of different application rates of the organic fertilizer,fermented Camellia oleifera shell,on soil physicochemical properties and growth and quality of bitter Chinese lettuces were investigated,so as to provide reference for the resource utilization of C.oleifera shell and the rational application of organic fertilizer.【Method】Taking bitter Chinese lettuces as experimental materials,setting different application rate of C.oleifera shell,then the field plot experiments(CK1:non application of base fertilizer;T1:conventional fertilization+450 kg/hm^(2) compound fertilizer;T2:7500 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell;T3:15000 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell;T4:22500 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell;T5:360 kg/hm^(2) compound fertilizer+15000 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell)and pot experiments(CK2:non-fertilization;P1:conventional fertilization+225 kg/hm^(2) compound fertilizer;P2:3750 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell;P3:7500 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell;P4:11250 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell;P5:180 kg/hm^(2) compound fertilizer+7500 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell)were conducted.The effects of different application rates of the organic fertilizer of ripened C.oleifera shell on soil physicochemical properties,growth and quality of bitter Chinese lettuces were studied.【Result】The application of organic fertilizer for C.oleifera shell increased soil nutrients in the field and pot experiments.The soil pH of each treatment was 5.92-6.89,and the contents of soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in the combined treatment of C.oleifera shell organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer were generally higher than those of the nonfertilization treatment,while the hydrolyzed nitrogen content was not significantly different from that of the conventional fertilization treatment.Among them,the contents of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in field experiments were 33.13-43.94 g/kg,43.39-162.61 mg/kg and 247.00-667.69 mg/kg,respectively.The contents of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in pot experiment were 12.44-38.32 g/kg,1.17-344.79 mg/kg and 41.79-1889.03 mg/kg,respectively.Under the treatment of T4 and P3,the plant height and fresh weight of bitter Chinese lettuces above-ground part were 43.42 cm,116.25 g and 40.25 cm,73.76 g,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the non-fertilization and conventional fertilization treatments.In the field experiment,the contents of soluble sugar,vitamin C,chlorophyll and protein were 0.34-0.67 g/100g,13.52-19.23 mg/100g,1.06-1.52 mg/g and 0.91-1.29 g/100g,respectively.In the pot experiment,the contents of soluble sugar,vitamin C,chlorophyll and protein were 0.65-1.64 g/100g,13.75-29.44 mg/100g,0.99-1.36 mg/g and 1.25-2.51 g/100g,respectively.The contents of soluble sugar,vitamin C and chlorophyll in the leaves of bitter Chinese lettuces under the treatment of moderate application rate of organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell or combined application rate of compound fertilizer were higher than those of the conventional fertilization treatment,and the protein content under the treatment of non-fertilization was significantly higher than that of other treatments.【Conclusion】Comprehensively considering the growth and quality traits of bitter Chinese lettuces,it is suitable for applying 22500 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell in field experiment and 7500 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer of C.oleifera shell in pot experiment.