省域旅游生态效率时空演变及其影响因素——以山西省为例

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Provincial Tourism Ecological Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors:A Case Study of Shanxi Province

旅游生态效率的提升对促进区域旅游资源优化与整合、推动旅游业高质量发展至关重要。基于非期望产出的Super-SBM模型和Malmquist生产率指数模型,分析2006—2020年山西省11个城市的旅游生态效率时空演变特征及其规律,利用地理探测器识别山西省旅游生态效率空间分异的主导因素及其交互效应。结果表明,2006—2020年山西省旅游生态效率整体呈现明显的U形演化轨迹,旅游生态效率具有较大的增长潜力,纯技术效率的提升推动旅游生态效率的优化发展。山西省旅游生态效率呈现明显的空间分异特征,其变化与各城市经济发展水平并不具有一致性,呈现明显的空间非均衡性。山西省旅游生态效率空间分异的驱动因素存在显著差异,经济水平是山西省旅游生态效率空间格局的主导影响因素,社会发展和外部环境的影响程度相对较小且处于波动状态,两两因子交互后呈非线性增强和双因子增强两种模式,表明山西省旅游生态效率的空间分异特征是多种因素交互作用的结果,并提出了要积极开发生态旅游产品、优化旅游基础设施、盘活闲置旅游项目、调整优化景区管理、加强入境旅游工作、支持旅游企业发展、拓宽融资渠道、加强用地保障等涉及多部门职能的政策举措。

The improvement of tourism ecological efficiency is crucial for promoting the optimization and integration of regional tourism resources and advancing the high-quality development of tourism industry.Based on Super-SBM model with undesired outputs and Malmquist productivity index model,this paper analyzes spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and patterns of tourism ecological efficiency in 11 cities of Shanxi Province from 2006 to 2020 and identifies dominant factors and their interactive effects on spatial differentiation of tourism ecological efficiency in Shanxi Province,using the geographical detector.The results indicate that from 2006 to 2020,the overall evolution trajectory of tourism ecological efficiency in Shanxi Province presents a distinct“U”-shaped pattern,suggesting significant growth potential in tourism ecological efficiency and improvement in pure technical efficiency promotes the optimal development of tourism ecological efficiency.The spatial differentiation of tourism ecological efficiency in Shanxi Province is evident,showing inconsistency with economic development level of each city and significant spatial non-equilibrium.The driving factors of spatial differentiation in tourism ecological efficiency in Shanxi Province exhibit significant differences,with economic level being the dominant influencing factor in the spatial pattern of tourism ecological efficiency;the influence of social development and external environmental factors is relatively small and fluctuating.Two modes,namely nonlinear enhancement,and dual-factor enhancement,are observed after the interaction of pairwise factors,indicating that the spatial differentiation characteristics of tourism ecological efficiency in Shanxi Province result from interaction of multiple factors.Based on the research findings,this paper proposes such policy measures involving multiple departmental functions as actively developing eco-tourism products,optimizing tourism infrastructure,revitalizing idle tourism projects,adjusting and improving scenic area management,strengthening inbound tourism,supporting the development of tourism enterprises,broadening financing channels,and enhancing land use guarantees.