土地价格扭曲与城市企业全要素生产率——来自中国地级市尺度的经验证据

Land Price Distortion and Total Factor Productivity of Urban Enterprises:Empirical Evidence from the Scale of Chinese Prefecture-Level Cities

以土地出让价格扭曲为切入点,探究了城市工业用地出让对企业全要素生产率的影响效应及路径,并利用2007—2015年中国工业企业数据库和土地出让数据进行了实证检验。研究发现,工业用地价格扭曲显著降低了城市平均企业生产率,并且在西部地区、规模较小、土地要素市场化程度较低的城市影响效应更为显著。研究还发现,工业用地价格扭曲通过加剧工业企业过度投资,吸引低生产率企业选址,从而降低全要素生产率。地方政府低价出让工业用地不仅仅是因为招商引资带来的集聚经济效益考量,还可能是财政压力下冲动投资的结果。对此,提出加快推进要素市场改革、建立高效的产业用地供给制度体系和完善政绩考核体系等相关建议,以促进企业生产率提高,整合地区生产要素,提升地区发展水平。

Starting from the distortion of land transfer prices,this study explores the impact and path of industrial land price on the total factor productivity of enterprises and uses the database of Chinese industrial enterprises and land transfer data from 2007 to 2015 to carry out an empirical test.It is found that industrial land price distortion will reduce the average productivity of urban enterprises,and its effect is more significant on cities of small scale with less market-oriented land factors in the western regions.It is also found that industrial land price distortions can reduce productivity by exacerbating over-investment of industrial enterprises and attracting low-productivity firms to locate.Local governments sell industrial land at low prices not only because of the agglomerative economic benefits brought by investment attraction,but also the result of impulsive investment under financial pressure.In this regard,this paper puts forward some suggestions,such as accelerating the reform of factor market,establishing an efficient industrial land supply system,and improving the political performance evaluation system,which provides some theoretical basis for promoting the improvement of enterprise productivity,integrating regional production factors,and enhancing regional development level.