黄淮麦区南片两个国审小麦品种穗分化特性及抗倒春寒能力的鉴定与分析

Identification and Analysis of Panicle Differentiation Characteristics and Cold Tolerance Ability of Two Wheat Varieties in Southern Huang-Huai Wheat Region

为鉴定黄淮南片麦区国审小麦品种西农100和小麦区域试验对照品种“周麦18”的抗倒春寒能力,采用大田试验调查穗分化特征,人工气候室低温胁迫处理6 h、12 h、24 h后测定结实率、叶片逆境生理指标和显微结构等,并分析了两个品种各个指标间的差异与变化特点。结果表明:在陕西关中大田条件下,西农100比周麦18的穗分化进程提前;倒春寒低温胁迫促使西农100小麦旗叶的SOD与CAT活性增加,而可溶性糖含量显著低于周麦18;同时,低温胁迫使小麦叶片显微结构中厚壁组织出现明显分解与萎缩,西农100低温胁迫6 h叶片厚度较CK(未处理)未发生变化,周麦18叶片厚度则明显减小,低温胁迫12 h以后,两个品种无明显差异。本研究表明,西农100和周麦18都具有一定的抗倒春寒特性,而西农100的抗倒春寒能力相对较强。

To assess the cold tolerance ability of the state-approved wheat variety‘Xinong 100’and the wheat regional experimental control variety‘Zhoumai 18’in the southern Huang-Huai wheat region,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the panicle differentiation characteristics and low-temperature stress responses in an artificial climate chamber using'Zhoumai 18'as the regional control.The seed-setting rate,leaf stress physiological indexes,and microstructure were measured,and differences between the two varieties were analyzed after 6,12,and 24 hours of low-temperature treatment.The results showed that'Xinong 100'exhibited earlier ear differentiation compared to'Zhoumai 18'under field conditions in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi.Under low-temperature stress during the flag leaf stage,the activities of SOD and CAT increased in‘Xinong 100’,while the soluble sugar content was significantly lower compared to‘Zhoumai 18’.Microstructural analysis showed significant breakdown and atrophy of sclerenchyma cells in wheat leaves due to low-temperature stress.Leaf thickness in'Xinong 100'remained unchanged after 6 hours of low-temperature treatment,while'Zhoumai 18'significantly reduced,although no significant difference was observed between the two varieties after 12 hours of treatment.Overall,both'Xinong 100'and'Zhoumai 18'exhibit resistance characteristics to late spring cold spells.