不同运动动机下瑜伽练习对女大学生身心健康的影响

Analysis of the factors influencing the impact of yoga practice on the physical and mental health of female college students under different motivations for exercise

目的 探讨不同运动动机下瑜伽练习对女大学生身心健康的改善效果,为促进女大学生的健康提供思路。方法 72名女大学生纳入本次研究,按照主要的运动动机分为塑形健身组(30名)、心理调适组(16名)和社交休闲组(26名),进行为期12周的阿斯汤加瑜伽练习,采用配对t检验对比分析瑜伽练习前后不同运动动机的干预效果。结果 塑形健身组健康干预效果最好,13项测评指标中9项(69.23%)有显著改善;心理调适组次之,7项(53.85%)测评指标有显著改善;社交休闲组相对较差,仅有3项(23.08%)测评指标有显著改善。塑形健身组在进行瑜伽练习后,坐位体前屈、体脂率、肌肉量比值、重心偏移幅度、平衡指数、骨密度T值、综合幸福感、主观幸福感维度和心理幸福感维度均显著改善(P<0.05)。心理调适组在进行瑜伽练习后,坐位体前屈、BMI、体脂率、骨密度T值、综合幸福感、心理幸福感维度、重新评价维度有显著改善(P<0.05)。社交休闲组练习后的坐位体前屈、平衡指数、骨密度T值的指标较练习前有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论 女大学生在不同运动动机下的瑜伽练习效果不同,塑形健身动机的练习效果更好。

Objective To investigate the effects of yoga practice on the physical and mental health of female college students under different exercise motivations,and to provide insights and suggestions for promoting the health of female college students.Methods A total of 72 female college students were included in this study.They were divided into three groups based on their primary exercise motivations:fitness shaping group(30 participants),psychological adjustment group(16 participants),and social leisure group(26 participants).All participants were involved in a 12-week Ashtanga yoga program.The effects of different exercise motivations on the participants' physical and mental health were analyzed through paired t-tests conducted before and after the yoga practice intervention.Results The fitness shaping group exhibited the most prominent intervention effects on health,with significant improvements observed in 9 out of 13 evaluation indicators(69.23%).The psychological adjustment group showed moderate improvement,with significant improvements observed in 7 out of 13 evaluation indicators(53.85%).The social leisure group demonstrated relatively poorer outcomes,with significant improvements observed in only 3 out of 13 evaluation indicators(23.08%).Specifically,the fitness shaping group displayed significant improvements in seated forward bend,body fat percentage,muscle mass ratio,center of gravity deviation,balance index,bone density T-score,overall happiness,subjective happiness,and psychological happiness dimensions(P<0.05).The psychological adjustment group showed significant improvements in seated forward bend,BMI,body fat percentage,bone density T-score,overall happiness,psychological happiness,and re-evaluation dimensions(P<0.05).The social leisure group exhibited significant improvements in seated forward bend,balance index,and bone density T-score(P<0.05).Conclusions The effects of yoga practice vary under different exercise motivations.People with shaping fituess motivation have better practice effects.