面向多重属性的区块链去中心化程度度量模型

Multi-attribute Blockchain Decentralization Degree Measurement Model

去中心化是区块链的典型特征,随着区块链技术的不断发展,去中心化程度定量度量的现实意义也逐渐加深。现有区块链去中心化程度度量方法采用的评价指标或是考虑节点功能,或是考虑网络性能,评价角度不同,导致提出的模型和评价指标存在较大的偏差。为此,文中面向区块链交易流程,提取节点功能完整、网络传输、数据存储3方面影响区块链去中心化程度的关键因素,建立面向多重属性的去中心化程度度量模型(Multi-attribute Decentralized Degree Measurement Model,MDDMM),并进行原型实现。实验结果表明,数据存储、节点功能完整、网络传输对去中心化特征的影响程度依次降低,比特币的去中心化程度分别比比特现金、以太坊及以太经典高约3.5%,30%,38%。且所提模型与现有度量方法相比度量指标更加全面,为量化度量区块链平台的去中心化程度提供了理论依据和数据支撑。

Decentralization is a typical feature of blockchain.With the continuous development of blockchain technology,the practical significance of quantitative measurement of decentralization degree is gradually deepening.The evaluation indicators used in the existing blockchain decentralization degree measurement methods either consider the node function or the network perfor-mance,and the different evaluation angles lead to a large deviation between the proposed model and the evaluation indicators.To this end,this paper focuses on the blockchain transaction process,extracts the key factors that affect the degree of decentralization of the blockchain from three aspects:node function integrity,network transmission and data storage,establishes a multi-attribute decentralized degree measurement model(MDDMM)and implements the prototype.Experimental results show that the degree of influence of data storage,node function integrity and network transmission on decentralization characteristics decreases successively.The degree of decentralization of Bitcoin is about 3.5%,30%and 38%higher than that of Bitcash,Ethereum and Ethereum Classic respectively.Compared with the existing measurement methods,the MDDMM proposed in this paper has more comprehensive measurement indicators,providing theoretical basis and data support for quantifying the decentralized degree of the blockchain platform.