基因组编辑技术加速猪育种进程

Genome Editing Technology Accelerates Pig Breeding

依赖于核酸酶的基因组编辑技术能够在基因组水平对DNA序列进行改造,包括特定DNA片段的插入、敲除、替换以及点突变等遗传修饰。2012年发展起来的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,具有效率高、通量高、安全性高、操作方便、简单易实现等特点,得到了广泛的关注和应用。基于CRISPR/Cas9系统开发的碱基编辑系统(Base Editor,BE)和引导编辑系统(Prime Editor,PE)可以在不需要DNA模板的情况下对基因进行精准的碱基突变。目前,CRISPR/Cas9及其衍生的基因组编辑技术在猪生产性状的改良和抗病育种新材料的创制方面已经取得了良好进展,并展示出了巨大的发展潜力和应用前景。本文重点介绍了CRISPR/Cas9、碱基编辑、引导编辑技术及其在猪育种中的研究进展,并展望了猪基因组编辑育种面临的机遇与挑战。

Nuclease-dependent genome editing technology were capable of modifying DNA sequences at the genomic level,including genetic modifications such as the insertion,knockout,replacement and point mutation of specific DNA segments.The CRISPR/Cas9gene editing technology developed in 2012,it had been garnered widespread attention and application with the characteristics of high efficiency,high throughput,high safety,easy operation and simple realization.Base Editing(BE) and Prime Editing(PE) based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system allow site-specific gene mutations without a DNA template.Currently,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology had made significant progress in the improvement of pig production traits and the creation of new materials for disease-resistant breeding,showing enormous development potential and application prospects.This article focused on the introduction of CRISPR/Cas9,base editing and prime editing technologies and their research progress in pig breeding.It also looked forward to the opportunities and challenges faced by pig genome editing breeding.