高海拔寒区隧道防寒抗冻技术进展与展望

Progress and Prospects of Cold Protection and Anti-Freezing Technologies for Tunnels in High-Altitude Cold Regions

随着我国西部大开发战略持续深入,“一带一路”倡议稳步推进,以及交通强国重大战略的部署和实施,在高海拔寒区建设和运营的隧道逐年增多。近些年来,虽然寒区隧道修建技术,特别是在防寒抗冻技术方面取得了长足进步,但冻害发生比例仍然较高,受严寒复杂气象条件影响,隧道洞内挂冰、侧沟溢冰、路面结冰、衬砌开裂及排水系统冻结失效等冻害现象时有发生,严重影响衬砌结构的安全性和耐久性,造成巨大经济损失,寒区隧道建设和运营面临挑战。围绕高海拔寒区隧道防寒抗冻关键技术问题,对保温层厚度和保温设防长度参数确定、保温形式及适用性、防排水技术、围岩冻胀力计算、衬砌结构抗冻技术等的应用现状进行归纳,指出今后寒区隧道建设和运营过程中仍需重点关注和解决的问题,展望高海拔寒区隧道防寒抗冻技术的发展方向,以期为高海拔寒区隧道成功修建和安全运营提供参考。

With the continuous deepening of China′s Western Development Strategy,the steady advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative,and the deployment and implementation of the major strategy of the Country with Strong Transportation Network,the number of tunnels constructed and operated in high-altitude cold regions is increasing year by year.In recent years,although significant progress has been made in the construction technology of tunnels in cold regions,especially in terms of cold protection and anti-freezing technologies,the occurrence rate of freeze damage remains still high.Affected by severe cold and complex meteorological conditions,phenomena such as ice hanging inside tunnels,ice overflow from side ditches,road surface icing,lining cracking,and drainage system freezing-induced failure occur from time to time,severely affecting the safety and durability of the lining structure and causing huge economic losses.The construction and operation of tunnels in cold regions face severe challenges.This paper summarizes the current application status of key technologies for cold protection and anti-freezing of tun⁃nels in highaltitude cold regions,focusing on the determination of insulation layer thickness and defense length pa⁃rameters,insulation forms and applicability,water-proof and drainage technology,calculation of surrounding rock frost heaving force,and anti-freezing technology for lining structures.It highlights the issues that still need attention and resolution in the construction and operation of tunnels in cold regions and looks forward to the development di⁃rection of cold protection and anti-freezing technologies for tunnels in high-altitude cold region,aiming to provide references for the successful construction and safe operation of such tunnels.