“采购式”和“闲置式”共享经济比较研究

A Comparative Study of Purchasing and Idle Sharing Economy

为促进科普工作发展,本文在前期成果WC&MC[1]基础上,对相关内容作了较大拓展。通过研究千家以上共享经济企业的代表性案例,为政府、投资人和创业者提供了一个简单判断共享经济项目的方法。共享经济分为“采购式共享经济”(PSE)和“闲置式共享经济”(ISE)两个类型。采购式共享企业是传统租赁企业,其共享的商品通过采购获得,会增加社会生产规模,其经营维护成本高,创业失败概率大,并会造成巨大的资源浪费和社会问题。由于具备规模经济和现金流优势,风险资本、政府和创业者一开始都会特别中意采购式共享项目,做出错误的决策。闲置式共享企业利用商业模式创新,循环使用社会闲置物,无需采购商品,不增加社会生产规模,将收入同共享闲置商品的主人进行分享而省掉了维护成本,符合人类可持续性发展理念,其经营成本低不易倒闭。社会应扶持闲置式共享企业而严格监管采购式共享企业的发展。风险资本应反思盲目依赖收入变量或现金流进行投资的原则,而应更多关注成本变量和人类可持续性发展原则。建议创业者从闲置式共享切入赛道。

By studying representative cases of over a thousand sharing economy enterprises,a simple method for judging sharing economy projects has been provided for governments,investors,and entrepreneurs.The sharing economy is divided into two types:procurement based sharing economy(PSE)and idle based sharing economy(ISE).Purchasing based sharing enterprises are traditional leasing enterprises,whose shared goods are obtained through procurement,which will increase the scale of social production.Their operating and maintenance costs are high,the probability of entrepreneurial failure is high,and it will cause huge resource waste and social problems.Due to their economies of scale and cash flow advantages,venture capital,governments,and entrepreneurs initially tend to favor procurement based shared projects and make incorrect decisions.Idle sharing enterprises utilize business model innovation,recycle social idle goods,do not need to purchase goods,do not increase social production scale,share income with the owners of shared idle goods,and save maintenance costs,which is in line with the concept of sustainable human development.Its operating costs are low and not easy to close down.Society should support idle sharing enterprises and strictly regulate the development of procurement sharing enterprises.Venture capital should reflect on the principle of blindly relying on income variables or cash flow for investment,and pay more attention to cost variables and the principle of sustainable human development.Entrepreneurs should enter the race from idle sharing.