粉末冶金工模具钢的生产技术及应用研究进展(下)

Progress on manufacture of powder metallurgy HSS/tool steels and development on their applications

工模具钢是一种具有高强度、硬度、耐磨性和耐热性的特殊钢材,广泛应用于金属加工、注塑及压铸模具、汽车制造等行业。传统熔铸方法制备的工模具钢易出现成分偏析及粗大碳化物,且难以通过锻造等加工方法消除,导致材料性能变差。粉末冶金工模具钢的组织均匀、碳化物弥散细小、合金成分含量高,可实现复杂形状和结构的制造,其工模具产品具有高性能、高精度、长寿命等优势,在高端制造业领域有重要的应用前景。因此,对粉末冶金工模具钢的发展历史,生产技术及其应用进行了综述,介绍了工模具钢粉末工业化制备的技术革新,分析了粉末冶金工模具钢的制备方法及组织性能特点,最后归纳了粉末冶金工模具钢的分类及其应用,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

HSS and tool steels perform specially in their high mechanical and thermal properties such as high strength and toughness,high hardness,high wear resistance,and good heat resistance,which are widely used in industries such as metalworking,plastic injection molding,and automotive manufacturing,etc.Conventionally,they are prepared by traditional casting and forging process,which always introduce compositional segregation and coarse carbides in their microstructure.These micro defects are difficult to eliminate through conventional processing methods such as forging,leading to the deterioration in material properties.The powder metallurgy process provides an uniform microstructure,fine dispersive carbides,and high alloy composition,which allows for the manufacturing of complex shapes and structures of the final products.Through this approach,the tool and die products have the advantages of higher performance,higher precision,and longer life,and have important applications prospects in the high-end manufacturing industry.In this work,a comprehensive review of the production technologies and applications of powder metallurgy HSS and tool steels are provided.Besides,the technological innovations in the industrial production,the manufacture methods,and the microstructural properties of powder metallurgy HsS and tool steels are discussed in details.Furthermore,the classifications and applications of these materials,offering an outlook on the future development trends in powder metallurgy HSS and tool steels were summarized.