诺尔斯“成人教育学”视域下博物馆教育活动的实践与启示——以国家典籍博物馆“文人意趣”专题活动为例

Practice and Inspiration of Museum Education Activities from the Perspective of Knowles'Adult Education:with“Literati's Interest”Program at the National Museum of Classic Books as an Example

成年人是博物馆最广泛的受众群,也是推动国家发展、促进社会进步、筑牢家庭根基的中坚力量,在传承文明、服务社会中发挥着重要作用。目前我国博物馆尚未足够重视成人教育活动的策划与实施,为成人群体提供的文化教育服务不够精品化、多样化。本文基于诺尔斯“成人教育学”的理论特征,结合成人经验学习、自主学习、自我实现的学习特点,具体分析国家典籍博物馆在“文人意趣”专题活动策划、实施、效果评价三个阶段的举措方法,并将其与同一主题下的青少年教育活动进行直观对比,围绕创设个性化体验条件、探索文化会客厅模式、构建社会化实践情境三个方面,进一步阐释博物馆成人教育活动的开发策略及实施路径。

The adult population constitutes the core audience of museums,and is also the backbone for national development,social progress,and the foundation of individual families.It plays an important role in inheriting civilization and serving society.By far,museums in China have not attached enough importance to the planning and implementation of programs for adults,and for existing programs there is much room for improvement in quality and forms.Based on the principles of andragogy by Knowles,combining with characteristics of adult learners,namely,utilizing experience,self-directed and self-fulfilling,this paper specifically analyzes measures and methods in the“Literati's Interest”program by the National Museum of Classic Books in planning,implementation,and effectiveness evaluation.Comparison is also made with programs for adolescents under the same theme.This paper explores strategies and implementation paths of museum's adult education in three respects:creating personalized experience conditions,exploring the mode of a cultural reception hall and constructing a socialized practice context.