内蒙古162份苦荞资源表型性状的遗传多样性及综合评价

Genetic Diversity and Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotypic Traits of 162 Tartary Buckwheat Resources in Inner Mongolia

通过遗传多样性指数、变异系数、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析及逐步回归分析对162份苦荞种质资源的13个表型性状进行分析及评价。结果表明,5个质量性状的遗传多样性指数为0.7180~1.2826,8个数量性状的遗传多样性指数为1.3037~2.0727,变异系数为5.4%~43.4%,除生育期外其余7个农艺性状变异系数均大于10%,说明所选苦荞资源遗传变异非常丰富。相关性分析表明,主茎分枝数、主茎节数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和生育期6个性状对产量影响最大。主成分分析提取的4个主成分累计贡献率达83.559%,单株粒重、单株粒数、产量、株型、主茎分枝数和粒型等性状是造成苦荞表型变异的主要因素。聚类分析将162份苦荞种质资源聚为5类,其中类群Ⅰ的材料各农艺性状表现较为均衡,是选育苦荞优良品种(系)的理想材料。类群Ⅴ的材料具有较好的抗倒伏性与较优的性状表现,是抗倒伏亲本的较优选择。通过模糊隶属函数基于4个主成分贡献率权重构建综合评价指标,筛选出10份综合性状较优的苦荞种质资源。

Genetic diversity index,coefficient of variation,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze and evaluate 13 phenotypic traits of 162 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources.The results showed that the genetic diversity index of five qualitative traits was 0.7180-1.2826,the genetic diversity index of eight quantitative traits were 1.3037-2.0727,the coefficients of variation were 5.4%-43.4%,and the coefficients of variation of the other seven agronomic traits were all greater than 10%except the growth period,which indicated that the genetic variation of selected tartary buckwheat resources was very rich.Correlation analysis showed that six characteristics,such as branch number of main stem,node number of main stem,seed number per plant,seed weight per plant,1000-grain weight and growth period,had the greatest influence on yield.The cumulative contribution rate of four principal components extracted by principal component analysis was 83.559%.The main factors that cause the phenotypic variation of tartary buckwheat were grain weight per plant,grain number per plant,yield,plant type,branch number of main stem and grain shape.The 162 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources were grouped into five groups by cluster analysis,among which the agronomic characteristics of the materials in groupⅠwere relatively balanced,which was an ideal material for breeding excellent tartary buckwheat varieties(lines).The materials of groupⅤhad better lodging resistance and better performance,which was a better choice for lodging-resistant parents.Through fuzzy membership function,a comprehensive evaluation index was constructed based on the contribution rate weight of four principal components,and ten tartary buckwheat germplasm resources with better comprehensive characteristics were screened out.