稻茬烤烟下部4片烟叶一次性采收成熟度研究

Study on Maturity of One-Time Harvesting of Four Lower Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves in Tobacco-Rice Rotation Field

为明确稻茬烤烟下部烟叶一次性采收适宜成熟度,以云烟87为材料,设计低成熟度、中等成熟度和高成熟度3个处理,在湖南省桂阳烟区开展试验,并采用模糊评价方法对其烤后烟叶质量和经济性状进行综合评价。结果表明,随下部烟叶采收成熟度提高,鲜烟叶的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)下降;微带青烟叶比例减少,杂色烟叶比例增加;烟叶结构疏松,油分增加;烟叶单叶重下降,平衡含水率降低;烟叶总糖、还原糖和绿原酸含量下降,烟碱和淀粉含量增加;烟叶产量和产值下降。中等成熟度处理外观质量指数、物理性状指数、化学成分可用性指数、评吸总分、经济性状指数、烟叶质量指数和经济效果综合指数均最高。湖南省桂阳烟区云烟87下部烟叶适宜一次性采收成熟特征为叶片淡绿,主脉淡绿至变白1/3,叶缘微卷曲,叶面无成熟斑,采收指导SPAD值为19.39~26.63。

To explicit the suitable maturity for one-time harvesting of lower leaves of paddy-tobacco,the low-maturity,medium-maturity,and high-maturity treatments were designed with Yunyan 87 materials in Guiyang,Hunan province.The tobacco quality and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco were comprehensively evaluated by fuzzy evaluation method.The results showed that with the maturity of lower tobacco leaves increased,SPAD value of fresh tobacco leaves decreased;the proportion of microstrip green tobacco leaves decreased,and the proportion of variegated tobacco increased;tobacco leaf structure loose,tobacco leaf oil content increased,the single leaf weight decreased,and the equilibrium moisture content decreased;the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorogenic acid decreased,nicotine and starch increased;the yield and output value of tobacco leaves decreased.The appearance quality index,the physical character index,availability index of chemical components,total score of smoking quality,the economic properties index and index of tobacco quality in medium maturity treatment were the highest.The suitable harvest maturity of lower leaves of Yunyan 87 in Guiyang tobacco-growing area of Hunan province required light green leaves,light green-white 1/3 of main veins,leaf edge slightly curled,leaf surface without mature spots.The SPAD values for guiding harvest ranged from 19.39 to 26.63.