信义义务体系化设计的公司法方案

The Company Law Program about System of Fiduciary Duty

新修订的《公司法》极大地完善了勤勉义务、忠实义务的内涵及外延,但仍缺乏对信义义务的一般规定,这导致信义义务的理据不足,使得司法适用中存在诸多困难,主要体现在忠实义务与勤勉义务的类型分化不足、违信责任路径紊乱以及认定标准不清晰。为厘定信义义务的基本范畴,应当构建“一般条款+具体规则”的信义义务体系。具言之,设置信义义务的一般条款统摄、充实忠实义务与勤勉义务的具体规则,整合禁止权利滥用和合规经营义务规则,以阐明信义义务体系化的必要性与正当性,实现信义义务的体系化构建。

The newly revised Company Law has greatly improved the connotation and extension of duty of diligence and duty of loyalty,but it still lacks general provisions on fiduciary duty,which leads to insufficient justifications for fiduciary duty and many difficulties in judicial application.Those difficulties mainly reflected in the insufficient differentiation,included duty of loyalty and duty of diligence,the disorder of the path of breach of fiduciary duty and the unclear identification standards.On the basis of defining the basic categories of fiduciary duty,this paper tries to clarify the necessity and legitimacy of systemizing fiduciary duty,and proposes to construct a fiduciary duty system of“general terms+specific rules”.In other words,while setting up the general provisions of fiduciary duty to control the specific rules,enrich the connotation of duty of loyalty and duty of diligence,integrate the prohibition of right abuse and compliance obligations,so as to realize the systematic construction of fiduciary duty.