天水市旱作区春玉米—冬油菜秸秆带膜翻压还田栽培模式研究

Cultivation Pattern of Spring Corn-Winter Rapeseed with Straw and Film Plowing Returning to Field in Dry Farming Area of Tianshui City

为解决区域内春玉米—冬油菜一膜两用技术中秸秆利用不合理、土壤有机质含量低、有机肥投入不足、化肥施用不合理、土壤水分利用不足、肥料利用率较低等一系列问题,在天水市旱作区开展了春玉米—冬油菜秸秆带膜翻压还田栽培模式研究,以期为区域内化肥减施、地力提升和农业可持续发展提供依据。结果表明,秸秆粉碎带膜翻压还田可以提高玉米籽粒产量7.96%、冬油菜籽粒产量9.91%,增加0~20 cm土壤有机质、全磷、有效磷含量(分别增加2.53 g/kg、0.08 g/kg、10.93 mg/kg),缓冲土壤pH值,影响土壤速效钾、硝态氮和铵态氮水平。

In order to solve a series of problems in dual-use of one film technology of spring corn-winter rapeseed in the region,such as unreasonable straw utilization,low soil organic matter content,insufficient organic fertilizer input,unreasonable fertilizer application,insufficient soil water utilization,and low fertilizer utilization rate,a study was conducted on cultivation pattern of spring corn-winter rapeseed with straw and film plowing returning to field in dry farming area of Tianshui City.The study was expected to provide a basis for reducing fertilizer application,improving soil fertility,and promoting sustainable agricultural development in the region.The results showed that straw crushing with film plowing returning to field could increase corn grain yield by 7.96%,increase winter rapeseed grain yield by 9.91%,increase organic matter,total phosphorus,and available phosphorus content in 0-20 cm soil(increased by 2.53 g/kg,0.08 g/kg,and 10.93 mg/kg respectively).It could buffer soil pH value,and affect soil available potassium,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen levels.