社会主义条件下生态资本化的内涵要义与路径构建

The Connotation and Path Construction of Natural Capitalization in the Construction of Socialist Ecological Civilization

在社会主义公有制背景下,资本逻辑不再主导生态资本化过程,资本与生态的根本矛盾不在于生态资源的货币化和经济价值化,而在于生态资源的部分经济化与资本化,因而社会主义的生态资本化有其正当性。社会主义条件下生态资本化是指在社会主义公有制前提下,运用市场手段对特定的生态资源进行资金与物资投入,在生态资源存量非减化基础上实现生态资源货币化增值的过程。与其他生态产品价值实现机制相比,生态资本化具有整体性价值转化、降低折现率、外部成本内部化、完善生态补偿机制等特定优势。生态资本分类及其清晰、可处置的产权制度是社会主义生态资本化的前提条件,其投资主体分为政府、企业、个人(家庭)和非政府组织等几种类型,生态环境资产的权属交易市场是其市场架构中的基础市场。在社会主义条件下的生态资本化过程中,生态资本的增值主要源于利用生态资本进行生产带来的经济利润和生态资本稀缺性提升带来的价值增值两个途径。社会主义条件下生态资本化的运行机制具有大尺度的资本化单位、基于生态韧性的总量控制、以价格为价值核算单位等特征。如何在保持公有制和集体所有制的前提下,逐步构建起公平且可持续的生态资本市场与交易机制,将是未来一段时期内发展社会主义生态资本化的重点议题。

The social attribute of ecological capital determines the relationship between capital and ecology. In the context of socialist public ownership, the logic of capital no longer dominates the process of ecological capitalization. The fundamental contradiction between capital and ecology does not lie in the monetization and economic valuation of ecological resources but in the partial economicization and capitalization of ecological resources. Therefore, the capitalization of ecological resources under socialism has its legitimacy. Ecological capitalization under socialist conditions refers to the process of using market means to invest funds and materials in specific ecological resources under the premise of socialist public ownership, and realizing the appreciation of ecological resources on the basis of non-decreasing stock of ecological resources. Compared with other ecological product value realization mechanisms, ecological capitalization has specific advantages such as overall value transformation, reduction of discount rate, internalization of external costs, and improvement of ecological compensation mechanism. The classification of ecological capital and the clear and disposable property rights system are the prerequisites for the capitalization of ecological resources under socialism. The investment subjects are divided into several types: government, enterprises, individuals(families), and non-governmental organizations. The ownership transaction market of ecological environment assets is the basic market in its market structure. In the process of ecological capitalization under socialism, the appreciation of ecological capital mainly comes from two ways: economic profits brought by using ecological capital for production and value appreciation brought by the scarcity of ecological capital. The operational mechanism of ecological capitalization under the socialist system has the characteristics of large-scale capitalization units, total control based on ecological resilience, and price as the value accounting unit. How to gradually build a fair and sustainable ecological capital market and trading mechanism while maintaining public and collective ownership will be the focus of developing socialist ecological capitalization in the future period.