AIGC、技术异化与劳动者就业焦虑——基于马克思主义政治经济学视角的分析

AIGC,Technological Alienation and Employment Anxiety of Workers:Analysis from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

以ChatGPT为代表的AIGC技术在全世界范围内引起广泛关注。“人工智能的发展带来失业威胁”的劳动者就业焦虑情绪也随着AIGC技术的发明和运用而快速传播。本文从数字生产劳动与AIGC迂回生产链之间的关系切入,指出AIGC迂回生产链中的数据、算法、算力和AIGC技术服务等数字生产资料都是数字劳动者的劳动产物。AIGC技术在转化为现实生产力过程中出现技术异化,这是导致劳动者产生就业焦虑的根源。AIGC技术异化下劳动者就业焦虑要变成现实,需满足数字生产资料私有制的所有制条件、技术服务资本积累的再生产条件和平台资本垄断扩张的市场结构条件。要避免AIGC技术异化下劳动者就业焦虑变成现实,需要在创新数字生产资料公有制实现形式、构建技术进步服务人的自由而全面发展的扩大再生产模式和建立AIGC领域共享性财富积累机制等方面进行经济制度建设的探索。

AIGC technology represented by ChatGPT is attracting widespread social attention around the world.The employment anxiety of workers that“the development of artificial intelligence brings the threat of unemployment”has also spread rapidly with the invention and application of AIGC technology.This article starts with the relationship between digital production labor and the AIGC roundabout production chain,pointing out that the data,algorithms,computing power,and AIGC technical services in the AIGC roundabout production chain are all products of digital workers.The technological alienation of AIGC technology happened in the process of transforming into real productivity is the root cause of workers’employment anxiety.Under the technological alienation of AIGC,the employment anxiety of workers needs to become a reality,which requires meeting the ownership conditions of private ownership of digital production materials,the reproduction conditions of technical service capital accumulation and the market structure conditions of monopoly expansion of platform capital.In order to avoid the employment anxiety of workers under the technological alienation of AIGC becoming a reality,it is necessary to explore the construction of economic systems in terms of innovating the form of public ownership of digital means of production,building an expanded reproduction model that aims to serve the freedom and comprehensive development of human being through technological progress,and establishing a shared wealth accumulation mechanism in the field of AIGC.