基于河南地方志的药王庙研究

Research on Yaowang Temple based on local chronicles of Henan

梳理中国数字方志库、中国方志库地方志资料, 发现河南共有450种地方志, 其中45种载有药王庙。据45种地方志可知, 河南25个县(市)共修建了35处药王庙, 多分布在河南的西部、北部、南部, 尤以西部最多。其中8处药王庙记载了修建时间, 修建时间上至明朝下至民国, 但大多修建于清朝时期。8处记述了建造人员, 多为政府地方官员。3处记述了供奉的人物, 分别为岐伯、华佗、扁鹊、孙思邈、韦慈藏, 其中2处皆供奉孙思邈。各县市的药王庙建筑格局差异较大, 从三进院落到天然石洞不等。地方志中载有药王的各式传说故事, 是药王信仰在民间流传的具体体现, 药王信仰不仅体现着世人对健康的渴求, 也有祈求风调雨顺之意。

By looking up the local chronicles of the China Digital Chronicles Database and the China Chronicles Database,it was found that there are 450 kinds of local chronicles in Henan,of which 45 contain Yaowang Temple.According to these 45 kinds of local Chronicles,it can be seen that a total of 35 Yaowang temples were built in 25 counties(cities)of Henan,mostly distributed in the west,north and south of Henan,especially in the west.Among them,eight Yaowang temples recorded the construction time,from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China,but most of them were built in the Qing Dynasty.There are records of the builders of the 8 Yaowang Temples,most of whom were local government officials.Qi Bo,Hua Tuo,Bian Que,Sun Simiao and Wei Cizang were recorded as Yaowang in three places,and Sun Simiao was enshrined in two of them.The architectural pattern of Yaowang Temple varies greatly from three courtyards to natural caves.Local chronicles contain all kinds of legends and stories about the Yaowang,which is a concrete embodiment of the belief in Yaowang.The belief in Yaowang not only carries people's thirst for health,but also prays for good weather.