‘陇核5号’果实发育规律及疏果施肥对坚果品质的影响

Growth regularity and the effects of fruit thinning,fertilization on nuts quality of‘Longhe No.5’walnut

【目的】明确核桃果实发育规律及影响坚果品质的因素,为核桃果园生产管理提供参考。【方法】以‘陇核5号’为研究对象,对其果实发育过程中外观形态变化进行拍照记录,测定果实三径、果实质量、果皮厚度、坚果三径、坚果质量、核仁质量、出仁率、壳厚等指标,利用Logistic方程、二次方程、三次方程等模型对各指标变化趋势进行拟合。通过疏果和不同时期喷施叶面肥,分析不同处理对核桃坚果经济性状的影响。【结果】在发育过程中,果实(坚果)大小和质量均表现为缓慢增长、迅速增长、缓慢增长的趋势,其中果实质量分别在花后50 d时和花后100 d时出现了增长高峰,坚果质量在花后110 d时出现了增长高峰。花后30~40 d时果实缓慢增长,随后迅速膨大,果实质量快速增加,花后50 d时开始出现水状核仁,花后70 d时硬核开始出现;花后70 d后,果实大小和质量增长变慢,果壳开始形成并逐渐硬化变厚;花后90~120 d时,坚果质量、果壳厚度、核仁质量及出仁率等指标均快速增加;花后120~140 d时,坚果大小增长速度变慢,坚果质量开始下降。方差分析结果表明,除坚果三径外,其他指标在不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。其中以7月初—8月初喷施叶面肥处理下核桃坚果经济指标值最高且与对照差异极显著(P<0.01);其次是5月底—6月底喷施叶面肥,与对照差异显著(P<0.05);疏果处理下核桃坚果经济指标与对照差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】‘陇核5号’果实生长发育总体为缓慢、快速、缓慢的趋势,呈单“S”形曲线。疏果、施肥均能改善核桃坚果的经济性状。

【Objective】In order to clarify the growth regularity of walnut fruit and the factors affecting the quality of nuts,so as to provide reference for the production and management of walnut orchard.【Method】The‘Longhe No.5’was used as experimental material,the morphological changes of fruit development were photographed and recorded,and the growth parameters of fruit were measured regularly including the three diameter,fruit mass,peel thickness,nut three diameter,nut mass,kernel mass,kernel rate,shell thickness and other indicators.The growth dynamic measurements were fitted by Logistic model,quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial.The effects of different treatments on the economic traits of walnut nuts were analyzed by thinning fruit and spraying foliar fertilizer at different periods.【Result】In development process,the size and mass of the fruit(nut)showed a trend of slow growth,rapid growth and slow growth.The fruit mass growth peak was at 50 d and 100 d after flowering,respectively,and the nut mass growth peak was at 110 days after flowering.The fruit grew slowly at 30-40 days after anthesis,then expanded rapidly,and the fruit mass increased rapidly.Watery nucleolus began to appear at 50 days after flowering,and became hard at 70 days after flowering.After 70 days of flowering,the growth of fruit size and mass slowed down,and the fruit shell began to form and gradually hardened and thickened.At 90-120 days after flowering,the nut mass,shell thickness,nucleolus mass and kernel rate increased rapidly.At 120-140 days after flowering,the growth rate of nut size slowed down,and the mass of nuts began to decline.The results of variance analysis showed that except for the three diameters of nuts,other indexes were significantly different among different treatments(P<0.05).Among them,the economic index value of walnut nuts sprayed with foliar fertilizer from early July to early August was the highest and significantly different from that of the control(P<0.01).The spraying foliar fertilizer from the end of May to the end of June was the second,which was significantly different from the control(P<0.05).The economic index of walnut nuts under fruit thinning treatment was not different from that of the control(P>0.05).【Conclusion】The fruit growth and development curve of‘Longhe No.5’showed a slow,fast and slow trend,showing a single‘S’curve.In addition,fruit thinning and fertilization can improve the economic traits of walnut nuts.