不同处理对轮台白杏种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

Study on seed germination and seedling growth of Luntai white apricot with different treatments

【目的】掌握轮台白杏种子的最佳育苗方法,为高效科学育苗提供技术支撑,为揭示杏休眠机理提供理论依据。【方法】以轮台白杏种子为研究对象,设置激素法、温汤浸种法、低温层积法、激素+低温层积法打破种子休眠,统计发芽率,将萌发的种子播种到土壤中,30 d后测定幼苗特性。【结果】1)GA_(3)和温汤浸种处理不去皮种子,发芽率很低,表明轮台白杏具有种皮休眠特性。带壳轮台白杏种子经低温层积80 d才开始萌发,说明轮台白杏具有种壳休眠特性。2)在不同处理中,有两个处理方法发芽率及出苗率均较高,其中500 mg/L的GA_(3)处理半去皮轮台白杏种子,发芽率高达94.00%,出苗率高达88.00%,种苗根系发达,不易徒长,育苗成本最低,每千株为276元,育苗效率最高。温汤浸种轮台白杏种子在50℃浸种全去皮轮台白杏种子30 min,发芽率和出苗率均较高,分别为98.00%和84.00%,成本较低,效率较高。低温层积带壳种子120 d时发芽率最高为80.67%,所有低温层积处理出苗率低于70%,育苗成本较高,效率最低。3)先用激素浸泡种24 h,后层积综合处理发现,轮台白杏种子发芽率及出苗率均不高,且成本最高,育苗效率不高。【结论】杏具有种皮、种壳休眠特性。500 mg/L的GA_(3)浸泡半去皮种子24 h与50℃浸种全去皮轮台白杏种子30 min,育种成本较低,效率较高,均可用作生产中的育苗方法。

【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the dormancy mechanism of apricots and provide technical support for efficient and scientific seedling raising by means of mastering the best method of culturing seedling Luntai white apricot.【Method】The seeds of Luntai white apricot were taken as the research object.Hormone method,warm soup soaking method,low temperature layering method and hormone+low temperature layering method were set up to break the seed dormancy,the germination rate was counted,the germinated seeds were sown into the soil,and the seedling characteristics were measured after 30 days.【Result】(1)The germination rate of non-peeled seeds was very low when soaking with GA_(3)and warm soup,indicating that Luntai white apricot had the dormant characteristics of seed coat.The seeds of Luntai white apricot in the shell began to germinate after 80 days of low temperature layering,indicating that the seeds of Luntai white apricot had the dormant characteristics of seed shell.(2)Among different treatments,the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of two treatments were higher,among which 500mg/L GA_(3)treatment of semi-peeled white apricot seeds had a germination rate of 94.00%and a seedling emergence rate of 88.00%.The seedlings had developed roots and were not easy to excessive grow,and the seedlings cost was the lowest,276 yuan per thousand plants,and the seedling efficiency was the highest.The highest germination rate was 80.67%after 120 days of low temperature low-temperature layered shell seeds,the seedling emergence rate of all low-temperature layered treatments was less than 70%,and the seedling cost was higher and the efficiency was the lowest.(3)Soaking the seeds with hormones for 24 hour and then layering comprehensive treatments showed that the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of Luntai white apricot seeds were not high,about 70%,the cost was the highest,and the seedling raising efficiency was not high.【Conclusion】The comprehensive analysis showed that apricot had the dormancy characteristics of seed coat and seed shell.Soaking semi-peeled seeds in 500 mg/L GA_(3)for 24h and soaking fully peeled white apricot seeds at 50°C for 30 min were lower breeding cost and higher efficiency,which could be used as a seedling breeding method in production.